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Biomedical subjects

L L Gustafsson

Publications and source records attributed to L L Gustafsson.

99 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Marketing of obsolete antibiotics in Central America.

In 1977 the World Health Organisation published a list of essential drugs that would provide the basis for rational drug utilisation in developing countries. Only 16 antibiotics were included. A review of antibiotics marketed in Central America revealed that in only two of eight countries were less than 200 antibiotic drug products sold. At least a third of these were drug combinations of questionable value. Adequate information about adverse drug effects was frequently not provided to doctors in the manufacturers' drug descriptions. Furthermore compounds could be obtained without prescription. Thus there is a high potential risk for misuse of antibiotics in the countries studied which might be reduced by adhering to the principles outlined in the W.H.O. report on essential drugs.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hexapropymate self-poisoning causes severe and long-lasting clinical symptoms.

Cases of hexapropymate poisoning requiring intensive care in an urban region of Sweden (420,000 inhabitants) were collected over 2.5 years (1985 to 1987). Only patients with serum hexapropymate concentrations above 5.5 mg/L (30 mumol/L) and with a negative history for intake of tricyclic antidepressants, phenothiazines, barbiturates, antihistaminic drugs and opiates were included. Clinical data about 8 intoxication events in 6 patients were evaluated retrospectively. Initial symptoms included coma, hypotension, hypothermia, and hypoventilation. Maximum coma depth (Glasgow coma score) was 3 to 5 in 5 out of 8 events. On 7 occasions assisted ventilation was required (for 12 hours or more in 5 events). There was no relationship between serum concentrations of hexapropymate and severity of clinical symptoms. All patients survived. Detailed analysis of the drug elimination in one patient showed a terminal elimination half-life of 21 hours, which is longer than previously reported (5 hours). The indications for use of this hypnotic drug may vary between doctors since an 8-fold variation was seen in drug prescription between Swedish counties in 1987. Poisoning with hexapropymate is a serious condition which may require symptomatic treatment in the intensive care unit. The clinical picture is similar to that seen in patients with burbiturate intoxication. There is no role for active forced elimination of the drug. It is questionable whether the clinical value of the drug is outweighted by its toxicity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pentamidine concentrations in plasma, whole blood and cerebrospinal fluid during treatment of Trypanosoma gambiense infection in Côte d'Ivoire.

Pentamidine concentrations in plasma, whole blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined in 11 patients with Trypanosoma gambiense infection without involvement of the central nervous system in Côte d'Ivoire. Blood samples were drawn during a 48 h period after the first and last dose of pentamidine dimesylate given as 10 intramuscular injections on alternate days. Maximum plasma concentrations were generally attained within one hour after injection but varied extensively (420-13420 nmol/litre). The median plasma concentration 48 h after the last dose was approximately 5 times higher than that after the first dose. The ratio between whole blood and plasma concentration was approximately 2. Small amounts of the drug were found in the CSF after the last dose. The findings showed inter-individual differences in the pharmacokinetics of pentamidine. The currently recommended daily dose regimen could be questioned, as drug accumulation was pronounced. All patients were cured and the concentrations attained should be considered as parasiticidal. Further studies on the kinetics and distribution after single and multiple doses of pentamidine as well as studies on the possible relationship between adverse effects and plasma concentrations are, however, needed.

Adolescent↗