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Biomedical subjects

L L Lloyd

Publications and source records attributed to L L Lloyd.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effects of configuration on the paired-associate learning of blissymbols by preschool children with normal cognitive abilities.

Translucency appears to be a potent variable in the learning of Blissymbols by preschool children with normal cognitive abilities. Complexity does not appear to influence learning for these individuals when there is a concurrent condition of high translucency. However, a condition of high complexity seems to enhance the learnability of Blissmbols having low translucency. For the present experiment, an attempt was made to determine if symbol configuration affects the learning of highly complex Blissymbols that bear little relationship to their referents. A paired-associate learning paradigm was used to present 30 Blissymbols to 20 cognitively normal preschool children. These symbols were evenly divided into superimposed and nonsuperimposed groups. Results indicated that the children learned more superimposed symbols than their nonsuperimposed counterparts. The implications of this finding for the teaching of Blissymbols are discussed.

Child Language↗
PubMed1992

A reversed-phase HPLC method for measurement of 5-hydroxymethyl furfuraldehyde and furfuraldehyde in processed juices.

An HPLC method using a reversed-phase macroreticular PLRP-S column and phosphate buffer as eluent is described for the analysis of L-ascorbic acid degradation products, 5-hydroxymethyl furfuraldehyde and furfuraldehyde, in processed fruit juices. Measurement of the levels of 5-HMF and furfuraldehyde in citrus juices against time showed the presence of 5-HMF (0.45 mg l-1) even at zero time. An assessment on the effect of the additives on the formation of 5-HMF of reconstituted single-strength orange juice showed virtually the same results for all the samples stored at 4 degrees C and 20 degrees C, irrespective of the additive. For citrus juice samples which had been subjected to accelerated degradation, those that showed the highest decomposition of L-ascorbic acid, produced the highest level of 5-HMF. The presence of furfuraldehyde in any of the samples was not detected, probably due to the fact that furfuraldehyde was formed in such small amounts which are below the minimum detectability limit of the method (0.050 mg l-1).

Acetates↗
PubMed1991

Oligonucleotide analysis by anion exchange HPLC.

The ability to resolve and purify synthetic oligonucleotides by high performance anion exchange chromatography was evaluated using two wide pore polymeric HPLC matrices. The materials used are rigid macroporous copolymers which have a fully quaternised polyethyleneimine coating to provide a strong anion exchange, quaternary amine, functionality. Oligomers of poly(rA), poly(rC) and RNA produced by alkaline hydrolysis of the polymers were chromatographed to evaluate the selectivity of the system prior to the analysis of synthetic oligonucleotides produced using a commercial oligonucleotide synthesizer.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

The comparative translucency of initial lexical items represented in five graphic symbol systems and sets.

The comparative translucency within and across five aided augmentative and alternative symbol systems or sets (Blissymbols, Picsyms, PIC, PCS, and Rebus) for symbols representing three parts of speech (nouns, verbs, and modifiers) was investigated. A sample of 41 items representing an initial lexicon was rated by undergraduate college students on a 7-point scale of iconicity. Results indicate that translucency varies among systems or sets and among parts of speech. Rebus and PCS were the most translucent overall; however, a number of Blissymbolics, Picsyms, and PIC symbols were also rated as highly translucent. Caution is indicated in extrapolating results to young or retarded learners because of the influence of normal adult knowledge and experience on translucency ratings. Care must also be taken in extrapolating to more advanced lexicons containing larger, more developmentally advanced vocabularies.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Non-speech communication symbols and systems: where have we been and where are we going?

During the past quarter century, and especially during the past decade, we have seen the emergence of various non-speech communication symbols and systems as viable means of communication by and with severely handicapped individuals. A brief overview of the full range of both aided (static or graphic) and unaided (dynamic or manual) non-speech symbols and systems is presented. A hierarchy of difficulty, cognitive requisites, approximation to English (or other natural languages), abstraction, acceptance, etc. is considered. Advantages of non-speech communication are related to general input simplification, response production, receptive language/auditory processing, stimulus processing/stimulus association, and symbolic representation. The advantages of vocabulary limits and attentional facilitation for intervention with severely handicapped individuals are discussed. Major research issues are also explored.

Attention↗
PubMed1975

Symposium on sensorineural hearing loss in children: early detection and intervention. Behavioral audiometry with children.

Our purpose in this discussion has been to present practical information about behavioral audiometry with infants and young children as a critical part of the comprehensive audiologic assessment. The introductory discussion focused on eight critical audiometric variables and the application of operant conditioning. These variables and operant principles were related to behavior observation audiometry, threshold audiometry (including play, visually reinforced and tangibly reinforced), and speech audiometry (including the speech awareness threshold, the speech reception threshold, and word discrimination). It is concluded that through careful application of these principles and procedures, meaningful audiometric data can be obtained from any child regardless of age or developmental disability.

Acoustic Stimulation↗