Biomedical subjects

L L Street

Publications and source records attributed to L L Street.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2002

Control groups in psychosocial intervention research: ethical and methodological issues.

This article summarizes a National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) workshop that was convened to address the ethical and methodological issues that arise when conducting controlled psychosocial interventions research and introduces 6 thoughtful and inspiring papers presented by workshop participants. These papers, on topics ranging from informed consent to ethnic minority issues, reflect the depth and breadth of expertise represented by the multidisciplinary group of scientists and ethicists present at the meeting. More extensive follow-up, particularly from federal research applications and publications, of how investigators balance the need for strong research design with ethical considerations may help advance the science of psychosocial intervention research.

Clinical Trials Data Monitoring Committees↗

PubMed1997

Discriminating between generalized anxiety disorder and anxiety disorder not otherwise specified in a Hispanic population: is it only a matter of worry?

One hundred and two Hispanic persons who presented for treatment at a specialized anxiety disorders clinic were evaluated at intake using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule-Revised (ADIS-R; DiNardo and Barlow [1988] Albany: Center for Stress and Anxiety Disorders, State University of New York at Albany). Results indicated that 14% of these patients suffered from anxiety and/or affective disorders that were not adequately captured by our current diagnostic system. Given that the majority of these cases were characterized by predominantly anxious features, further investigation was undertaken to determine the degree of overlap between these patients (anxiety disorder, not otherwise specified; NOS) and those with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The two groups differed only with regard to the number of excessive worries they reported and not in terms of somatic symptomatology, psychosocial stressors, or demographic variables. These data suggest that excessive worry may be a discriminating factor between the GAD and NOS groups, providing support for the notion of GAD as a disorder of chromic worry. Future research is needed to tease apart the relative influences of culture and socioeconomic status on our findings.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Sensations, cognitions and the perception of cues associated with expected and unexpected panic attacks.

Panic attacks may be perceived by patients as either cued or uncued (spontaneous) and either expected or unexpected. The purpose of the present study was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of these types of panic. Twenty-six panic disorder patients with mild avoidance and 18 with moderate or severe avoidance were instructed to complete a questionnaire during or immediately following each of three consecutive naturally occurring panic attacks they experienced. They were asked to rate the extent to which they expected the panic attack to occur, whether they felt it was associated with an external panic "cue" (e.g. a shopping mall), whether they would expect to panic again in similar circumstances, their mood, present level of life stress, and fear and severity of their body sensations and disturbing cognitions. Results indicated that from a sample of 92 questionnaires, each representing a separate panic, nearly 70% of panic attacks were rated as cued-expected and only one panic was rated as uncued-expected. The other two categories each comprised about 15% of all panic attacks. There were few reported differences in body sensations and cognitions reported as a function of type of panic and no differences with regard to extent of agoraphobic avoidance. Expected panic was associated with a higher expectation of future panic in similar circumstances.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

An investigation of gender differences in social phobia.

The present study was an exploratory investigation of gender differences in a large sample of persons with social phobia. Potential differences in demographic characteristics, comorbidity, severity of fear, and situations feared were examined. No differences were found on history of social phobia, social phobia subtype, or comorbidity of additional anxiety disorders, mood disorders, or avoidant personality disorder. However, women exhibited more severe social fears as indexed by several assessment instruments. Some differences between men and women also emerged in their report of severity of fear in specific situations. Women reported significantly greater fear than men while talking to authority, acting/performing/giving a talk in front of an audience, working while being observed, entering a room when others are already seated, being the center of attention, speaking up at a meeting, expressing disagreement or disapproval to people they do not know very well, giving a report to a group, and giving a party. Men reported significantly more fear than women regarding urinating in public bathrooms and returning goods to a store. Additionally, there were some differences in the proportion of men and women reporting fear in different situations. Specifically, more women than men reported fear of going to a party, and more men than women reported fear of urinating in a public restroom. Gender differences among patients with social phobia are discussed in the context of traditional sex-role expectations.

Adult↗