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Biomedical subjects

L Lauro

Publications and source records attributed to L Lauro.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Emerging pathologies in aquaculture: effects on production and food safety.

Infectious diseases represent a limiting factor for the further development of Italian aquaculture. The recent introduction and spreading of new pathogens, along with the global climatic change, has contributed to a considerable decrease in trout production. Emerging pathologies in rainbow trout culture include viral diseases, e.g. infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN), bacterial diseases, such as lactococcosis and visceral flavobacteriosis, and parasitical diseases, e.g. proliferative kidney disease (PKD). Higher mortality rates in trout fry and fingerlings are generally induced by visceral flavobacteriosis and IHN, while the main losses in large trout during the warm season are due to lactococcosis and PKD. Mariculture has at present a better sanitary status compared to trout culture, but a rapid dissemination of pathogens, including zoonosis agents, is envisaged also for seabass and seabream. Emerging pathologies in sea bass include VNN, pseudotuberculosis, streptococcosis and tuberculosis. Seabream is much more resistant and is mainly affected by novel Vibrio infections and enteromyxidiosis. A good sanitary management of fish farms is essential for avoiding or limiting losses caused by emerging pathologies. Transmission of zoonosis agents to man, through the consumption of cultured fish, is very remote in Italy. On the contrary, transmission of Streptococcus iniae, Vibrio vulnificus and Mycobacterium marinum by means of improper manipulation of infected fish, could represent a potential hazard for fish farmers and fish processors, as well as for people preparing fish meals.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Occipital condylar fractures: a review.

The purpose of this review article is to summarize the epidemiology, pertinent anatomy, mechanisms of injury, and classification systems of occipital condylar fractures (OCFs), as well as their clinical presentation and screening, the importance of computed tomography (CT) for detection, and current treatment options. The authors emphasize the rate of occurrence of OCFs, which may be detected in as many as 16% of patients with craniocervical injury. Clinical presentation is not specific, and OCF is not readily diagnosed at physical examination. Failure to diagnose may result in substantial morbidity, and thus accurate diagnosis is mandatory for both therapeutic and medicolegal implications. The diagnosis is most likely to be made with CT. Thin-section CT technique is the method of choice to evaluate the traumatized craniocervical junction. OCFs should be suspected in all patients sustaining high-energy blunt trauma to the head and/or upper cervical spine, resulting from axial loading, lateral bending and/or rotation, and/or direct blow. Besides a CT study assessing potential intracranial injuries, these patients require CT of the craniocervical junction. Radiologists should be aware of the types of OCFs and associated injuries.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1994

Mg deficiency induces mineral content changes and oxidative stress in rats.

We have studied the effect of Mg deficiency on both tissue mineral content and liver oxidative status. Male Wistar rats kept for eight weeks on a Mg-deficient diet (Mg 152ppm) quickly developed a severe plasma Mg deficiency (73% decrease). The content of Cu and Fe significantly increased in different tissues following the treatment. Liver glutathione, CuZn-superoxide dismutase, and vitamin E were significantly reduced (by about 16%, 18% and 30% respectively). Lipid peroxidation, induced in vitro by NADPH/ADP-Fe3+ and measured as MDA formation, increased by about 100% after 20 min incubation in liver microsomes isolated from Mg-deprived rats. The alterations found in the content of transition metals and in the level of both cytosolic and membrane antioxidants, as well as the higher sensitivity of liver microsomes to lipid peroxidation in vitro, are consistent with an oxidative stress occurring in vivo in the tissues of Mg-deficient animals.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1991

Presence of NAD pyrophosphorylase in skeletal muscle in dystrophic mice.

NAD pyrophosphorylase (ATP:NMN adenylyltransferase) activity has been measured in the skeletal muscle of dystrophic mice. The amount of this enzyme in the dystrophic mice, as determined by three different methods, was about one half of that in the controls. In addition, the concentration of ATP was too low to be detected in crude extracts of dystrophic mouse skeletal muscle, which were prepared using Tris buffer alone or Tris buffer containing either 3 M KCl, or 1 mM PMSF.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1990

[Observations and research on an extract of Inula viscosa Ait ].

The folk medical tradition ascribes to Inula viscosa (a suffrutescent plant of Compositae widely spread along the Mediterranean basin) balsamic, antipyretic, antiphlogistic and antiseptic properties. Pharmacological test on rabbits, made hyperpyretic in laboratory, gave satisfactory antipyretic results. Gas chromatographical separation from a high-boiling fraction of seven azulenes, two of them identified as 1,4-dimethyl-azulene (about 50% and chamazulene (32%), confirmed the antiphlogistic action ascribed to the plant. By the present research (solvent extraction, thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography are described in detail) eucalyptol was identified in a fraction of essential oil obtained from fresh leaves of the plant. This datum supports the balsamic and antiseptic properties of Inula viscosa Ait.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: technique and anatomy.

Recent advances achieved in Magnetic Resonance Imaging equipment and procedures allow a thorough study of the heart, yielding anatomic, functional and angiographic information. Spin-echo sequences are specific for heart morphology while gradient-echo sequences are fundamental to the functional study. Fast sequences reduce the examination times with the possibility of single breath-hold images. Coronary arteries can be directly visualized and cardiac perfusion can be assessed. Velocity encoded images allow flow quantification and with myocardial tagging, cardiac mechanics is accurately defined.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postoperative lumbar spine.

The differentiation between normal sequelae and complications of any surgical treatment of the lumbar spine is of the utmost importance. Clinical and radiological diagnosis is often difficult. Certainly the introduction of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has improved and refined the diagnostic possibilities, however not all problems have been resolved. For example, the frequent resort in vertebral surgery to metal implants which may limit or even prevent the interpretation of CT or MR images, should be kept in mind. The main types of surgical procedures involving the lumbar spine are briefly reviewed, focusing on CT and MRI appearance of normal sequelae of early or late complications and the recurrence of the lesion that necessitated the first procedure.

Diskectomy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnostic imaging of musculoskeletal tuberculosis.

In the last decade an increase in the incidence of tuberculosis has been observed, due in part to the growing number of AIDS-patients. Musculoskeletal involvement is observed in 1-3% of tuberculosis cases. Aim of this article is to describe the diagnostic imaging of musculoskeletal tuberculosis and in particular the diagnostic potentialities of conventional radiology, CT and MRI. The role of MRI in the early identification of vertebral infectious process, in the determination of its locoregional extension and sometimes in its characterization, is underlined. In peripheral osteoarticular tuberculosis both CT and MRI do not supply additional diagnostic information as compared to conventional radiology; the tuberculous process is of difficult differentiation from other degenerative, inflammatory or neoplastic processes; in any case very careful attention is mandatory to establish an early diagnosis.

Adult↗