Intelligent medical systems - preface.
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Artificial Intelligence↗
Biomedical subjects
L Lhotska
Publications and source records attributed to L Lhotska.
Medical applications of enhanced rule-based expert systems.
The paper describes several types of efficiency enhancements of 'classical' rule-based diagnostic expert systems. The blackboard control structure enables to explore more knowledge bases of the same syntax in parallel, the taxonomy structures make fast zooming of attention possible and provide additional inference mechanism based on inheritance principles. The applicability of the enhancing techniques is documented by four case studies exploring the extended FEL-EXPERT shell in different tasks of medical decision-making. The authors consider the enhancing techniques as useful steps on the way from 'classical' diagnostic expert systems towards more complex multi-agent decision tools.
Classification↗
Recommendations on feeding infants of HIV positive mothers. WHO, UNICEF, UNAIDS guidelines.
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Anti-HIV Agents↗
Future directions.
Despite progress in promotion and support of breastfeeding over the past decade, the HIV pandemic necessitates new actions based on human rights, such as voluntary and confidential testing and counseling, offering HIV-positive women objective information on the risks and costs of all infant feeding options, and providing appropriate support for their decisions. Implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative and the International Code of Marketing are essential components of a rights-based policy response to HIV and will lessen spillover of replacement feeding among HIV-negative women. Protective effects of nevirapine and exclusive breastfeeding, as well as the listed additional topics, require further research. We have yet to make exclusive breastfeeding easy and common when mothers choose to breastfeed.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
"Healthy Dubec" -design of a joint Czech-American community project for the reduction of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (adapted from American experience).
The project is a combination of individual and community-based intervention which adapted and modified methods and techniques originally used in The Three-City Community Study and The Stanford Five-City Project in a small community outside Prague. The goal is to reduce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors by primary and secondary prevention, using a community-based approach. 61.5% of examined population with the low risk score during the baseline survey was exposed to intervention by community-based methods. 38.5% of adult population was included in intervention activities within the framework of secondary prevention in high risk groups. There are described: the method of community oriented intervention and the intervention oriented on high risk groups - nutrition intervention, quit smoking activities, stress control, physical activity promotion.
Adolescent↗
Changes in biological status of the Jastarnia population over the last 20-year period.
The objective of this paper is to analyze changes in the biological condition of the inhabitants of Jastarnia (Hel Peninsula), who were examined three times during 1963-87. A total of 1791 persons of both sexes, aged from 3 to 80 years were under study. A total of 20 somatic and physiological traits were considered. According to the data of the Central Statistical Office (available from 1976) the birth rate in Jastarnia increased in 1987 but mortality increased even at a higher rate so that the increase of the population (per 1000 inhabitants) was reduced from 6.8 in 1976 to 3.7 in 1987. A factor analysis, used to estimate socio-economic conditions of two generations of this town, has shown that the apartment size and income of a family (factor 1) explained the highest percentage of the variance of the traits considered. Education of parents was on the second position (factor 2). The next factor (3) represented biological properties of parents measured by their stature. The last one (factor 4) characterized family size in the second generation, for the first generation this trait being related with factor 2 (culture). A tendency to slim body was observed in children and youth. However, the ratio of chest circumference to stature (Marty index) did not change, which can be explained in terms of the adaptation to maritime climate. The content of adipose tissue increased in children and youth, and also the vital capacity of lungs in relation to stature (Ziemssen index) increased in children. Blood pressure at rest was reduced in 1987, but systolic blood pressure at work was increased. An increase in the minute respiration rate and reduction of chest extension in the contemporary youth seem to be rather unfavorable.
Adaptation, Physiological↗