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Biomedical subjects

L Lisý

Publications and source records attributed to L Lisý.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Immunopathogenesis of myasthenia gravis and the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome].

Myasthenia gravis (MG) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) are autoimmune diseases manifestant a disorder of neuromuscular transmission. In MG, the autoimmune process is directed against the postsynaptic part whereas in LEMS, it is focused at the presynaptic part of this connection. Current immunological studies have confirmed the polyclonal and heterogenous characters of the autoimmune process. In patient with MG, the presence of antibodies against various epitopes of acetylcholine receptor, as well as against other muscular fiber protein (e.g. ryanodine receptor, titin, myosin, etc.) were confirmed. Patients with LEMS yielded antibodies against the proteins of various types of voltage-dependent calcium channels located in the presynaptic part of the motor nerve ending, as well as those against synaptotagmin. These findings indicate the necessity of a more complex immunological examination of patients in order to clarify both variability of clinical picture and prospective planning of specific immunotherapy. (Tab. 4, Fig. 3, Ref. 25.)

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1991

[Reflex response of the masseter muscle after percussion of the chin and electrical stimulation of the upper lip in patients with central motor disorders].

In 23 patients with central motor disorders (spastic hemiparesis, pseudobulbar syndrome and parkinsonism) reflex responses in both masseters were evoked during their relaxation and contraction by percussion with a reflex hammer on the chin and by electric stimulation of the upper lip. For recording of the reflex responses the electromyographic method was used. On the side of the spastic hemiparesis, as compared with the finding on the non-paretic side, the author found changes in the short-, medium and late-latency excitation and inhibition segments of the reflex response. In patients with parkinsonism the medium-latency portion of the reflex response after percussion of the chin from above as well as from below was satisfactory. The late latency excitation response after percussion of the chin from below was greater than its corresponding part evoked by percussion of the chin from above. In patients with the pseudobulbar syndrome the inhibitory parts of the reflex responses after percussion of the chin were weak. The results of the examination provided thus more detailed information on disorders of supranuclear control of masseter muscles.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1991

[Reflex response in the masseter muscle after tapping the chin in healthy persons--an electromyographic study].

In a group of healthy subjects the author evoked reflex responses in both masseters by percussion of the chin with a reflex hammer. The reflexes were evoked during relaxation, slight or intense contraction of the masseters with the mouth open or closed. By percussion of the chin from above extension reflexes were evoked and by percussion of the chin from below contracting reflexes. The response was recorded by means of an electromyographic apparatus. The short-term stretch responses were evoked from the relaxed and slightly contracted masseters with the mouth open or closed. During intense contraction of the masseters the short-latency reflex stretch response was not evoked. In that case at first a short-latency inhibition of the basal activity of the masseter was observed followed by a medium and late-latency excitation response. With the masseters relaxed a long-latency stretch response was observed only with the mouth open. Percussion of the chin from beneath with slight contraction of the masseter caused initial inhibition of its basal activity followed then by a short-latency excitation response. Based on the assembled results the author analyzed the mechanism of the reflex control of the masseters.

Chin↗
PubMed1990

[The stretch reflex response in the abductor pollicis brevis muscle in persons with organic and probably functionally conditioned central motor impairment (electromyographic study)].

Stretch reflex responses in the m. abductor pollicis brevis were elicited by percussion with the reflex hammer on the distal digit of the thumb. On the side of spastic hemiparesis the author revealed more marked short-latency and suppression of medium- and late-latency parts of the reflex response. On the side of weak central hemiparesis also the short-latency part of the reflex response was suppressed. In functionally conditioned pareses the author found dishabituation of medium and late latency parts of the reflex response. On the side of the cerebellar lesions there was a relatively higher amplitude of the second part of the medium-latency response. In patients with the diagnosis of definite multiple sclerosis in addition to suppression of medium and late- latency parts of the reflex response there was a typical prolongation their latency.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The reflex response in the abductor pollicis brevis muscle after tapping the distal segments of the fingers, the ulnar olecranon and scapular acromion. Electromyographic study].

The author made an electromyographic investigation of reflex responses in the abductor pollicis brevis muscle abductor pollicis brevis muscle after percussion with a hammer on the dorsal, lateral, palmar, medial and distal surface of the distal digit of the thumb, on the dorsal and palmar area of the distal digits of the other fingers and also on the olecranon ulnae and acromion scapulae. The investigation was made to detect the influence of the site of percussion on the character of the reflex response. The reflex responses were examined during slight isometric contraction of the muscle. After averaging rectification and of the recorded potentials the reflex responses were identified as excitatory and inhibitory modulation of the basal muscular activity depending on the inducing stimulus. Excitatory parts of the reflex response with a short latency were recorded after percussion on the lateral, dorsal and palmar area of the distal digit of the thumb and after percussion of the dorsal area of distal digits of the other fingers and after percussion of the palmar area of the little finger. As to other sites where reflexes were evoked first the inhibitory part of the reflex response was recorded. Excitation parts of reflex responses with a medium latency were obtained from all sites where reflexes were evoked. Late-latency parts of the reflex response had an inconstant occurrence. The results of the investigation provided evidence of a short-latency proprioceptory; influence of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle from synergic muscles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Reflex responses in the trapezius muscle after percussion of various parts of the body].

In a Group of 20 healthy subjects and 16 patients with different central motor disorders a reflexological investigation was made in the upper part of the trapezius muscle. The reflex responses were produced by percussion with a reflex hammer on several sites on the head, trunk and upper extremities and identified as excitatory and inhibitory modulations of recorded EMG activity resulting from the stimulus, after averaging of 50 responses. In the group of healthy subjects after percussion of the chin, upper lip, cheek, mastoid process, back of the skull, the processus spinosus of vertebras C7 and Th12 and both sides of the volar area of the wrist, reflex responses with a short and long latency were recorded. In the group of patients with central motor disorders the reflexological finding was different, depending on the type of central disorder. On the side of spastic hemiparesis after a hemispheric ischaemic cerebrovascular lesion only responses with a short latency were recorded. In patients with parkinsonism mostly only reflex responses with a long latency were elicited. In patients with the dystonic form of torticollis spastica a side asymmetry was found. The results of the investigation provided evidence of reflex connections of remote parts of the body with trapezius muscle in healthy subjects and of the incidence of specific deviations of reflex responses in this muscle in patients with various central lesions. This is important in the differential diagnosis of central motor disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Reflex reaction in the abductor pollicis brevis muscle after mechanical and electrical stimulation in patients with central hemiparesis and Parkinsonism. Electromyographic study].

The reflex responses in the abductor pollicis brevis muscle were examined in 22 patients with mild central hemiparesis and in nine patients with Parkinson's disease. In the group of patients with central hemiparesis there were 15 subjects with a spastic and seven subjects with a flaccid type of affection. The reflex responses in the abductor pollicis brevis muscle were evoked during isometric contraction. The recorded muscular potentials were unidirectionally rectified and averaged. The reflex responses were then identified as excitatory and inhibitory modulations of basal activity of the muscle after the evoking stimulus. The reflexes were evoked by percussion with a hammer on the lateral area of the base of the distal digit of the thumb, by electrical stimulation of the median nerve on the wrist and by electric stimulation of the cushion of the thumb and the superficial radial nerve on both sides. On the side of the spastic or flaccid central hemiparesis the long-latency parts of the reflex responses after percussion on the distal digit of the thumb and after electrical stimulation of the median nerve were either not elicitable or had a lower amplitude than on the non-paretic extremity. In three subjects on the affected side also the of long-latency part of the reflex response was prolonged after percussion of the distal digit of the thumb. The short-latency parts of the reflex response on the side of the spastic hemiparesis were more expressed, contrary to the finding on the side with the flaccid hemiparesis where suppressed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗