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Biomedical subjects

L Lissner

Publications and source records attributed to L Lissner.

82 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Bone mineral content in relation to lactation history in pre- and postmenopausal women.

Bone mineral content in the lumbar spine was studied in relation to lactation history and number of live births in 126 pre- and postmenopausal Swedish women. Total number of months of breastfeeding was significantly associated with low bone mineral content, and the strength of the association was greatly enhanced by statistical adjustment for menopausal status and body weight. Women with higher parity also had lower bone mineral content, but this observation could be attributed to more breastfeeding among that group.

Bone Density↗
PubMed1991

Weight loss on a low-fat diet: consequence of the imprecision of the control of food intake in humans.

This study examined the degree to which humans compensate for a reduction in dietary fat by increasing energy intake. Thirteen females were randomly assigned to either a low-fat diet (20-25% of calories as fat) or a control diet (35-40% fat) for 11 wk. After a 7-wk washout period, the conditions were reversed for another 11 wk. Energy intake on the low-fat diet gradually increased by 0.092 kJ/wk resulting in a total caloric compensation of 35% by the end of the 11-wk treatment period. This failure to compensate calorically on the low-fat diet resulted in a deficit of 1.22 kJ/d and a weight loss of 2.5 kg in 11 wk, twice the amount of weight lost on the control diet. These results demonstrate that body weight can be lost merely by reducing the fat content of the diet without the need to voluntarily restrict food intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Body weight variability in men: metabolic rate, health and longevity.

The health implications of body weight fluctuation were examined using data from 846 men with a mean age of 56.4 years, enrolled in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Body weight fluctuation was studied in relation to three general categories of health-related outcome: (i) basal metabolic rate, (ii) risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD), and (iii) rates of CHD, cancer mortality, and all-cause mortality. Weight fluctuation was defined as intraindividual variability in body weight about a time-dependent regression slope. Outcomes (i) and (ii) were described in terms of a subject's rate of change during the same time period. All analyses were adjusted for three covariates: age, level of obesity and linear trend in body weight over time. (i) Body weight variability is positively associated with changes in metabolic rate expressed either per surface area or per lean body mass (i.e. less decrease over time among the most weight-variable men). (ii) Body weight variability is associated with greater decreases in glucose tolerance and with greater increases in the ratio of subscapular to triceps skinfolds, but not with changes in systolic blood pressure, waist-hip ratio, serum cholesterol or triglyceride levels. (iii) Body weight variability is not predictive of subsequent CHD, cancer, or all-cause mortality. These results do not confirm previous findings regarding weight fluctuation and 'hard' endpoints but do raise the possibility that weight cycling might modify eventual cardiovascular risk via adipose redistribution or glucose tolerance impairment.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

Body composition and energy intake: do overweight women overeat and underreport?

The relationship between energy consumption and body composition was evaluated in 63 women by use of energy-intake values that were precisely measured in a metabolic unit and corrected for deviations from energy balance. Energy requirement for the maintenance of body weight was not significantly correlated with adiposity expressed as percent body fat. However, energy requirement was positively associated with lean mass (p less than 0.0001) whereas fat mass added no predictive value to the same multivariate regression equation. Self-reported energy intake (before the experiments) was not correlated with lean mass and was underestimated by lean subjects at least as much as by obese subjects. Discrepant findings in the literature concerning relationships between obesity and energy intake may be explained by reporting error and by the relative lean mass of obese vs nonobese women but not by systematic underreporting unique to obese subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Variation in energy intake during the menstrual cycle: implications for food-intake research.

The relationship between spontaneous energy consumption and menstrual cycle was evaluated in 23 subjects who participated in one of two independent studies. Ad libitum intakes of experimental diets were measured by food weighing and bomb calorimetry for 56 or 42 d. Comparisons were made between each woman's mean energy during the 10 d before and after the onset of menstruation. The significant decline (364 kJ, or 87 kcal) between these two 10-d intervals was smaller than but consistent with findings from previous studies of data from food journals. In a separate analysis with time-series techniques, two distinct periods of elevated intake were identified (during the midluteal and midfollicular phases) that were independent of illness and menstrual symptoms. This pattern of food intake is discussed with reference to normal hormonal fluctuations. These findings confirm that menstrual cycle is a potential confounding variable that should be controlled in research on human food intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Dietary fat and the regulation of energy intake in human subjects.

The role of dietary fat in the regulation of energy intake was assessed by manipulating a conventional diet and measuring spontaneous food consumption. Twenty-four women each consumed a sequence of three 2-wk dietary treatments in which 15-20%, 30-35%, or 45-50% of the energy was derived from fat. These diets consisted of foods that were similar in appearance and palatability but differed in the amount of high-fat ingredients used. Relative to their energy consumption on the medium-fat diet, the subjects spontaneously consumed an 11.3% deficit on the low-fat diet and a 15.4% surfeit on the high-fat diet (p less than 0.0001), resulting in significant changes in body weight (p less than 0.001). A small amount of caloric compensation did occur (p less than 0.02), which was greatest in the leanest subjects (p less than 0.03). These results suggest that habitual, unrestricted consumption of low-fat diets may be an effective approach to weight control.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alcohol habits in Swedish women: observations from the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden 1968-1993.

In a prospective population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden, three examinations were conducted with 12-year intervals between 1968-1969 and 1992-1993. There were 1462 participants aged 38-60 years in the baseline study in 1968-1969, with a participation rate of 90.1%. This paper describes longitudinal changes and secular trends with respect to women's alcohol habits. An alcohol frequency questionnaire was validated at baseline and was re-administered at all examinations. Between 1968-1969 and 1980-1981, the proportion of alcohol abstainers decreased significantly both in 38-year-old and 50-year-old women. Women reporting alcohol intake at least once per week had higher socio-economic status and higher education than other women. Serum gamma-glutamyl transpepsidase concentration was higher in women with the heavier alcohol intake, while a number of potential cardiovascular risk indicators were higher in women with the lower intake. Daily intake of wine and spirits was about as common at all three examinations, whereas moderate intake of wine and spirits was more common in 1980-1981 and 1992-1993 than in 1968-1969. There seemed to be an increase in overall consumption of alcohol, mainly due to the increase in moderate drinking, but there was no indication of a large increase in heavy consumption of alcohol.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Weight reduction diets and health promotion.

Obesity is an important health problem. Despite record rates of dieting and the availability of numerous programs, the problem is not abating. This article discusses the popularity of fad diets, the safety and effectiveness of commonly used approaches to weight loss, and the health effects of weight change. We propose an approach in which the search for a best treatment is secondary to the development of criteria to match patients to different treatments. This approach provides an opportunity for the health professional to take advantage of the multiple weight reduction resources in the community.

Behavior Therapy↗