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Biomedical subjects

L Lumbroso

Publications and source records attributed to L Lumbroso.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Ultrasound biomicroscopy in peripheral retinovitreal toxocariasis.

PURPOSE: To report ultrasound biomicroscopic features in peripheral retinovitreal Toxocara uveitis. METHODS: Three patients with unilateral vitreitis suspected to be caused by peripheral toxocariasis were referred for ultrasound biomicroscopic examination of the peripheral retina, pars plana, and adjacent vitreous. RESULTS: In two of the three patients, characteristic pseudocystic transformation of the peripheral vitreous was seen. In both patients, Toxocara serology was positive and eosinophilia was present. In the third patient, no pseudocystic transformation of the peripheral vitreous was seen; however, there was the dense thickening adjacent to the pars plana usually seen by ultrasound biomicroscopy in pars planitis and corresponding to clinically visible snowbanks. The third patient had a negative Toxocara serology and later developed bilateral intermediate uveitis of the pars planitis type. In none of 48 patients with diverse inflammatory conditions of the retroiridal space that were examined by ultrasound biomicroscopy were the characteristic Toxocara-associated pseudocystic images seen. CONCLUSIONS: Pseudocystic transformation of the peripheral vitreous appears to be a rather specific and sensitive ultrasound biomicroscopic sign in patients with presumed peripheral toxocariasis that will likely aid diagnosis in difficult cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy associated with Wegener's granulomatosis.

PURPOSE: To report acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) in the course of systemic Wegener's granulomatosis. METHODS: A complete ophthalmologic evaluation was undertaken, including fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography. RESULTS: Two patients diagnosed with Wegener's granulomatosis developed multiple white-yellow subretinal areas with smooth margins typical of APMPPE. Case 1 presented with bilateral choroidal involvement and a granulomatous anterior uveitis. In Case 2, placoid lesions were diagnosed 2 months after onset of systemic Wegener's granulomatosis. In both cases, fluorescein angiography showed an early hypofluorescence and a late staining of the lesions. Indocyanine green angiography revealed early and late hypofluorescence corresponding to the areas seen clinically. Wegener's granulomatosis was diagnosed histologically in both cases. After combined steroid and cyclophosphamide therapy, the lesions healed, and after a follow-up period of 1.5 and 4 years, respectively, funduscopic and angiographic examinations showed cicatricial lesions. CONCLUSION: Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy is a rare manifestation of Wegener's granulomatosis and should be considered a possible systemic involvement of the disease. A prompt, thorough investigation should be undertaken for an underlying systemic disorder.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Cystoid macular oedema and cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with HIV disease treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy.

BACKGROUND: Although cystoid macular oedema (CMO) is a rare cause of visual loss in AIDS related cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, nine cases are reported of CMO occurring in HIV infected patients with a prior diagnosis of CMV who were receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS: Medical and ophthalmological records of nine AIDS patients with inactive CMV retinitis were retrospectively analysed. Ophthalmic examination data, laboratory findings, and the systemic antiviral treatment were studied. Ophthalmic examination included visual acuity, anterior chamber flare measured with the laser flare cell meter (LCFM), vitreous haze quantification according to the Nussenblatt grading system, and fluorescein angiography. RESULTS: Nine HIV infected patients, eight men and one woman, mean age 39 years (range 29-53 years) presented with inactive CMV retinitis and CMO. On fluorescein angiography, CMO was present only in eyes (14 eyes) with signs of previous CMV retinitis. CMV retinitis was inactive in all of them. Visual acuity ranged from 20/200 to 20/30. In 10 eyes with CMV retinitis, anterior chamber flare measured with the LCFM ranged from 18.5 to 82 photons/ms (mean 35.42 ph/ms). A significant vitreous inflammation (1.5+) was observed in eight eyes. All patients had been treated with anti-CMV drugs for a mean period of 18 months (range 12-36 months). All nine patients received HAART with a combination of two nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors and one protease inhibitor for a mean period of 14 months (range 9-18 months). The HIV viral load was below detectable levels (< 200 copies/ml) in eight patients and low (3215 copies/ml) in one. At the time of CMO, the median CD4+ lymphocyte count was 232 cells x 10(6)/l (range 99-639). CONCLUSION: In AIDS patients, the usual absence of intraocular inflammation in eyes affected by CMV retinitis has been tentatively explained by the profound cellular immunodeficiency. In these patients, treated with HAART, CD4+ counts were increased for several months (mean 14 months). In their eyes, CMV retinitis was associated with significant ocular inflammation and CMO. These findings could be related to the restoration of immune competence after HAART as recently shown.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

[Unexplained bilateral optic disk edema. So-called idiopathic intracranial hypertension of drug origin should be suspected].

In 2 clinical cases of bilateral optic disk oedema, the optic disk oedema was part of a so-called benign, or rather idiopathic, intracranial hypertension. Aetiological investigations were unable to detect any intracranial or systemic anomaly, except the fact that both patients had been on a long-term treatment. The first, a 35-year-old man, was taking Roaccutane (isotretinoin) for acne, for at least 5 years, Supradyne (containing vitamin A) minimum 1 pill per day. The second patient, aged 16 years, had also been treated for acne with Roaccutane and Mynocine (minocyclin) for several months. Minocyclin and vitamin A, contained in these substances, are likely to have induced the idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and consequently the optic disk oedema. Indeed, discontinuing the treatment and rachicentesis led to a significant resolution of symptoms. A good history of the clinical cases thus remains a key-element in the process of diagnosis-making and should be strictly conducted in cases with bilateral optic disk oedema, particularly when seen in young patients.

Adolescent↗