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Biomedical subjects

L Lundby

Publications and source records attributed to L Lundby.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Comparison of methods used for measurement of rectal compliance.

INTRODUCTION: Compliance is defined as the change in volume or cross-sectional area divided by the change in pressure. Pressure-volume measurement during distention with a compliant balloon is the most commonly used method for computation of rectal compliance. However, intraindividual and interindividual variations are large, restricting the usefulness of the method. Other methods such as rectal distention by a large, noncompliant bag and rectal impedance planimetry for assessment of pressure-cross-sectional-area relations have been proposed as alternatives owing to the reduction of errors from elongation of the balloon within the rectal lumen. However, in vivo reproducibility of pressure-volume measurement during distention with a compliant balloon, pressure-volume measurement during rectal distention by a large, noncompliant bag, and rectal impedance planimetry have never been compared. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare in vivo reproducibility of the above-mentioned methods and to study their in vitro reproducibility and validity. METHODS: Ten healthy volunteers (six men) aged 21-59 years were randomized to either rectal pressure-volume measurement with a compliant balloon or rectal impedance planimetry. After a one-hour rest, the other procedure was performed. After two weeks, both procedures were again performed in the same order. During rectal impedance planimetry the volume of the bag used (maximum volume 450 ml; secured at both ends to the probe) was continuously registered, measuring pressure-volume relations during rectal distention by a large, noncompliant bag. Reproducibility was tested by comparing the difference divided by the mean for each method at eight pressure steps in the range from 5 to 40 cm H2O. Furthermore, the in vitro reproducibility and validity of the three methods were studied using polyvinyl chloride tubes with known cross-sectional areas. RESULTS: In vivo reproducibility for pressure-volume measurement with a large, noncompliant bag and rectal impedance planimetry was significantly better than for pressure-volume measurement with a compliant balloon (P = 0.005 and P = 0.019, respectively). No statistically significant difference was found between pressure-volume measurement with a large, noncompliant bag and rectal impedance planimetry (P = 0.20). In vitro reproducibility of pressure-volume measurement with a large, noncompliant bag and rectal impedance planimetry was good, but some elongation occurred, reducing the validity of pressure-volume measurement with a large, noncompliant bag. Coiling and elongation of the balloon within the lumen were major sources of error for pressure-volume measurement with a compliant balloon. CONCLUSION: In vivo and in vitro reproducibility of methods used for measurement of rectal compliance can be improved by restricting the effects of elongation within the lumen either by using a large-volume, noncompliant bag or by rectal impedance planimetry. However, pressure-volume measurement will to some degree depend on the properties of the balloons or bags.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Histopathological and morphometric analyses of late rectal injury after irradiation.

The aim of the present study was to assess and quantify changes in the structural components of the rectal wall after irradiation with varying single doses of x-rays. A total of 70 CDF1/Bom male mice were irradiated at a selective 1.5 cm of the distal rectum with varying single doses of 0-30 Gy. At 32 weeks postirradiation the mice were sacrificed and the rectum was removed. Sampling of the specimens was based on unbiased stereological principles using systematic random sampling. Vertical tissue sections were used to estimate mucosal surface area density and to measure the thickness and volume fraction of the different intestinal wall layers. The surface area density decreased with increasing dose (p<0.02) due to pronounced injury of the crypts and mucosal morphology. The thickness and the volume fraction of the submucosa were significantly increased in the 20, 25 and 30 Gy treatment groups (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001), whereas the thicknesses of the mucosa, the lamina muscularis propria and the serosa did not change after irradiation. It is concluded that irradiation causes histopathological changes in the rectal mucosa and submucosa, and changes in the thickness of the submucosal intestinal layer. These changes were found to be dose-dependent.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Phantom breast syndrome].

Phantom breast syndrome following mastectomy has been reported by other authors. However, the temporal course, character and extent of this phenomena have not been elucidated. In a prospective study we have investigated the incidence, clinical picture and temporal course of phantom breast syndrome. One hundred and twenty women who started postoperative control or treatment at the Oncology Department over a one-year period were interviewed by a standard questionnaire three weeks after the operation. One year later 110 patients and six years later 68 patients were interviewed again. The incidence of phantom pain and non-painful phantom sensations was respectively 13.3% and 15.0%, respectively three weeks after the mastectomy. 12.7% and 11.8% after one year, and 17.4% and 11.8% after six years. A significant relationship between preoperative pain and phantom breast syndrome was found, but neither age, cancer treatment or postoperative sequelae seemed to affect the occurrence of phantom breast syndrome. Scar pain was found to persist in 30.9% of the patients six years after the operation. The present incidence of phantom-related phenomena is close to the incidence reported by others. However, persistent phantom pain after mastectomy may be more common than usually expected. Also, the persistence of scar pain seems to be more common than generally expected.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Postoperative throat complaints after tracheal intubation.

We have investigated the incidence of throat complaints 6-24 h after tracheal intubation in 1325 patients. Variables such as anaesthetic drug, intubation time, number of intubation attempts, gastric tube, sex and age were recorded. The incidence of sore throat was considerably lower (14.4%) compared with other reports in the literature and was significantly greater in females (17.0% vs 9.0%) and after thyroid surgery. The incidence of sore throat was not increased after multiple intubation attempts or after administration of suxamethonium or a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Long-term phantom breast syndrome after mastectomy.

UNLABELLED: Phantom breast syndrome after mastectomy has already been reported by us and other authors. The temporal course, character, and extent of these phenomena, however, have not yet been elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate in a prospective study the incidence, clinical picture, and temporal course of phantom breast syndrome during a 6-year period. DESIGN: One-hundred twenty women who embarked on consecutive postoperative control or treatment at our department during a 1-year period were interviewed by a standard questionnaire 3 weeks after the operation. Of these, 110 patients were interviewed 1 year later and 69 were interviewed again 6 years later. PATIENTS: The median age at the first interview was 54 years (Quartile (Q)1 = 45 years; Q3 = 62 years) and at the third interview 6 years later, 60 years (Q1 = 51 years; Q3 = 68 years). RESULTS: The incidence of phantom pain and nonpainful phantom sensations was 13.3% and 15.0%, respectively, 3 weeks after mastectomy, 12.7% and 11.8%, respectively, after a year, and 17.4% and 11.8%, respectively, after 6 years. We found significant relationships between preoperative pain and phantom breast syndrome, but no significant relationship between age and the occurrence of this syndrome. Neither postoperative sequelae nor cancer treatment including radiotherapy seemed to affect the occurrence of phantom breast syndrome. Pain in the scar, which was clearly distinguishable from phantom pain, was present in 35.0% of the patients 3 weeks postoperatively, in 22.7% after 1 year, and persisted in 30.9% 6 years later. CONCLUSIONS: The present incidence of phantom-related phenomena is close to the incidence reported by others. However, persistent phantom pain after mastectomy may be more common than usually expected. Also, the persistence of pain in the scar seems to be more common than generally expected.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[Recurrent abdominal pain in schoolchildren 9-12 years of age].

The frequency of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) was investigated in a material of 664 Danish schoolchildren. 15% of the children aged 9-12 years had RAP, defined as at least three episodes of abdominal pain during a period of three months with pain of an intensity which affected the behavior of the child. In general, there was no significant difference in the frequency of RAP in boys and girls in the material, however, a preponderance of girls with RAP after the age of ten years was found. The investigation showed that symptoms such as headache, limb pains and diarrhoea were experienced more frequently among children with RAP. In general, RAP occurred more frequently among children in families with high frequencies of psychosomatic symptoms. 40% of all the children questioned lived in broken homes. A tendency to increased frequency of RAP was found among these children. Children who lived in a garden city had essentially lower frequencies of RAP than children from other areas. There was an evident preponderance of children with RAP in families who lived in flats. There was no significant difference in the school and occupational education of the parents and the frequency of RAP.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1990

Alcohol decreases serum osteocalcin in a dose-dependent way in normal subjects.

The acute effect of 25 and 50 g of alcohol on the variation in serum osteocalcin, a specific and sensitive marker of bone formation, and on serum cortisol and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH)(1-84) was calculated in 6 normal young adults. They were studied during three periods, each lasting from 4 p.m.-7:30 a.m. Alcohol was ingested between 4:15 and 5 p.m. during period two and three. Blood was taken at 4 p.m. and every 15 minutes from 4:30 til 6 p.m., followed by hourly sampling until 12 p.m. The last blood sample was taken after an overnight fast at 7:30 a.m. Initial and end values before and after alcohol ingestion did not differ significantly from control values. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that 50 g of ethanol decreased serum osteocalcin significantly (P less than 0.02) and increased serum cortisol (P less than 0.05) during the 4-12 p.m. interval. The interaction of 50 g of ethanol on the variation in serum osteocalcin was already significant during the first 2 hours (P less than 0.02), where no significant effect on serum cortisol could be detected. Although insignificant, the same pattern was observed after 25 g of alcohol. There was no significant change in the variation of serum iPTH(1-84) during the 4-6 p.m. after alcohol intake. We conclude that 3-4 drinks of alcohol taken over 45 minutes decreases serum osteocalcin in a dose-dependent way. The time lag between changes in serum osteocalcin and cortisol indicates that the decrease in serum osteocalcin is not related to the increase in serum cortisol.

Adult↗