Biomedical subjects

L M Artz

Publications and source records attributed to L M Artz.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

Partner type and condom use.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between type of sexual partnership and condom use consistency. DESIGN: A prospective follow-up study of women attending two urban clinics for sexually transmitted diseases (STD). METHODS: Sexual diaries recording barrier method, partner initials and partner type for each act of intercourse were kept by 869 women. Condom use by partner type was evaluated in three ways in the entire group: among women who encountered multiple partners, during months in which women encountered multiple partners, and within sexual partnerships that changed status during the study. RESULTS: Consistency of condom use was higher with new and casual partners than with regular partners in the entire group and among women who encountered multiple partners. In months in which partners of different types were encountered, condom-use consistency was higher with new and casual partners than with regular partners. Consistent condom use decreased in partnerships that changed status from new to regular. The female condom was used more often with regular partners than with new or casual partners in the entire study group, among women who encountered multiple partners, and during months in which a woman achieved consistent use with her regular partner. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides strong evidence that condom use behavior is modified by partner type. Observations about condom use and partner type made in cross-sectional or retrospective surveys also hold in the present longitudinal analyses of individual women and of partnerships that change status. The female condom may be an important option for achieving consistent protection within stable partnerships.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Multivariate evaluation of health attitudes and behaviors: development and validation of a method for health promotion research.

Many self-reported measures of health status, attitudes, and knowledge used by clinicians and researchers suffer from a variety of shortcomings, including limited empirical justification, excessive complexity, assessments of nonmodifiable historic or hereditary factors, and limited utility for public health program planning. The Health Attitudes and Behavior Scale is an instrument designed to overcome many of these shortcomings and direct public health professionals toward more efficacious interventions. One hundred sixty-four subjects responded to true-false and Likert scale items related to health beliefs, attitudes, and behavioral practices. A principal component analysis of the Likert items yielded six components, tentatively labeled (a) Lack of Social Support, (b) Hurdles to Health, (c) Health Attitudes/Weight Concerns, (d) Positive Environment, (e) Disease Concerns, and (f) Time and Work Pressure. Analyses of these scales using coefficient alpha indicated adequate internal consistency for each of them. These scales were then related to demographic variables of age, educational level, sex, and marital status. Next, these scales were correlated with individual true-false items reflecting self-reported behavioral practices or health histories. A component analysis of the true-false items yielded four principal components labeled (a) Organizational Health Concerns, (b) Smoking and Exercise Concerns, (c) Coronary and Weight Concerns, and (d) Blood Pressure and Risk Factor Programs. Finally, a cluster analysis yielded six typical profiles reflecting different levels of the original six components. Of interest is the fact that the Lack of Social Support and Time and Work Pressure scales had a very limited integration into the overall patterns. The assumption that organizational and environmental factors can have an important impact on health was supported. The need for further research in this area is also discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of instructions, incentive, and feedback on a community problem: dormitory noise.

A reinforcement system utilizing instructions, modelling, feedback, and group reinforcement was employed in an attempt to reduce disruptive noise on three university residence halls. A fourth hall received the same treatment program without the reinforcement component. Noise scores were determined by recording the number of discrete noise occurrences over a criterion decibel level. On all four residential floors, noise scores during treatment conditions were lower than initial and final baseline levels. Additionally, periods of noise reduction corresponded to the changing criterion multiple-baseline and reversal designs utilized. Pre- and posttreatment questionnaire responses from the three reinforcement floors paralleled changes in objective noise data. At posttreatment, residents reported less noise disturbance of study and sleep and more control over the noise situation and floor problems in general. These results indicated that a comprehensive behavior-modification treatment package was effective in reducing disruptive noise in university residence halls. Difficulties in data collection and anomalies in the data are discussed. Future directions for field-based behavior-modification research are outlined.

Journal Article↗