[Malate dehydrogenase polymorphism in Crithidia (Protozoa, Mastigophora)].
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Biomedical subjects
L M Belova
Publications and source records attributed to L M Belova.
[The ultrastructure of Blastocystis galli from chickens].
The ultrastructure stages of Blastocystis galli were studied in chicken's intestine and in laboratory cultures. There were found morphological structures: surface coat (cell from chickens' intestine showed a very thick surface coat); cell membrane--there were some small electron-opaque deepening "pockets" on the membrane; inner membrane; endoplasmic reticulum with attached ribosomes, which present in the cytoplasm; all cells contained numerous of small vacuoles and large glycogen inclusions in cytoplasm; mitochondria with tubular cristae; nucleus with granules condensed chromatin; central vacuole; Golgi complex was represented by number of plates grouped in a pite; the cyst-like forms were surrounded by multilayered wall.
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[Distribution of coccidians (Sporozoa: Coccidiida) in various systematic groups of fishes].
There are about 250 coccidian species associated with fishes. They belong to 8 genera (Calyptospora, Cryptosporidium, Crystallospora, Eimeria, Epieimeria, Goussia, Isospora, Octosporella) and 3 families (Calyptosporidae, Cryptosporidiidae, Eimeriidae). Two genera are represented by great number of species associated with fishes: Eimeria--157 and Goussia--69 species. Most diverse fauna of coccidians was found in fishes of the class Actinopterigii; fishes of the class Elasmobranchii have significantly less number of coccidians. These parasites have never been recorded on the class Holocephali. Coccidian have been recorded in 55 orders of fishes. Within the Actinopterigii, the richest coccidian fauna is recorded from Cypriniformes and Perciformes. Accumulated data on host associations proves that coccidian species have mainly a restricted hosts specificity.
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[Eight new species of coccidia (Sporozoa, Coccidia) in fishes from the continental waters of Russia].
Description of coccidian species infecting freshwater fishes is given. Localities: Neman river, Goussia peleci sp. n.--oocyst 37.5-45 x 35-42.5 microns, oocyst residuum (OR) absent, sporocysts 20-22.5 x 15-17.5 microns, Stieda body (SB) absent, sporocyst residuum (SR) present, host (h)--Pelecus cultratus; G. cultrati sp. n.--oocyst 22.5-30 microns, OR absent, sporocysts 12.5 x 15 microns, SR, SB absent, wall 2-2.5 microns, h--P. cultratus; G. arinae sp. n.--oocyst 12.5 x 17.5 microns, OR present, sporocysts 5-7.5 microns, SR, SB absent, h--P. cultratus; G. vimbae sp. n.--oocyst 15-22.5 microns, OR absent, wall 2.5 microns, sporocysts 5-7.5 microns, SR, SB absent, h--Vimba vimba vimba; G. gymnocephali sp. n.--oocyst 25 x 25 microns, OR absent, sporocysts 10 x 12.5 microns, SR, SB absent, h--Gymnocephalus cernuus; G. cernui sp. n.--oocyst 15-22.5 microns, OR present, sporocysts 5-12.5 microns, SR, SB absent, h--Gym. cernuus; G. luciopercae sp. n.--oocyst 30-35 x 30 microns, OR absent, sporocysts 12.5-15 x 10-12.5 microns, SB absent, SR present, h--Stizostedion lucioperca; Eimeria fluviatili sp. n.--oocyst 20-22.5 microns, OR present, sporocysts 7.5 x 12.5 microns, SB present, SR absent, h--Perca fluviatilis.
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[New species of coccidia Eimeria stizostedioni sp. n. (Sporozoa: Coccidea) from the pike perch Stizostedion lucioperca (Perciformes)].
A new coccidia species Eimeria stizostedioni from the pikeperch Stizostedion lucioperca (Perciformes) is described. Localities: Neva river. Prevalence: 20% (1/5). Intensity of infection weak. Oocysts 7.5-8.0 x 10.0-12.5 microns. The form varies from oval up to ovoid; a wall is sleek, colourless, single-layer two-planimetric, micropyle, the polar granules and residual body are absent. Sporocysts 3.5 x 6.5 microns, with Stieda body and residual body represented by few small granules. Sporogony is endogenous.
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[The cultivation of Blastocystis (Rhizopoda: Lobosea) from hens and ducks].
The method of cultivation of Blastocystis galli from hens and Blastocystis sp. from ducks was worked out. Blastocystis grow on nutrient medium at pH 7.0 to 7.2 in a wide range of temperatures from 30 to 45 C. Optimum temperatures for cultivation are 41 to 42 C. The growth of cultures was obtained on biphase egg medium. Solid phase of the medium presents coagulated contents of the hen's egg. Liquid phase can be made of Henk's solution with the addition of 30% of fresh or lyophilizinic hen serum or horse serum. Henk's solution can be replaced by medium 199 (we observed the growth of culture on medium 199 without addition of blood serum). In all variants of medium we added antibiotics on a per--1 ml of medium basis: ampicillini--4 thousand units, streptomycini--1 thousand units. After 2 to 3 passages antibiotics can be excluded from the medium. Optimum medium is that with the addition of 30% of fresh hen serum. Passages go well at the transfer of 15-20% culture after 72 to 96 hours. The size of cultural stages varied within the limits of 2.5-56.2 x 2.5-56.2 microns and 2.5-110 x 2.5-110 microns for Blastocystis sp. and B. galli, respectively, the number of nuclei in one individual varied from 1 to 64, seldom over 100.
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[A new species of Blastocystis anseri (Protista: Rhizopoda) from domestic geese].
A new species, Blastocystis anseri, was found in domestic goose. Sizes of blastocyst in culture are 7.5-46.2 x 7.5-46.2 m. Method of cultivation of Blastocystis anseri on biphase egg medium was worked out. Liquid phase can be made of Hank's solution or 199 medium with an addition of 30-40% hen or bovine serum. Optimum temperature for cultivation is 39 +/- 0.5 degree, ph 7.0-7.2.
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[A finding of Blastocystis galli (Rhizopoda, Lobosea) in domestic turkeys].
Blastocysts tentatively assigned to the species Blastocystis galli were found in the turkey Meleagris gallopavo from Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Length and width of blastocysts from turkeys vary in a wider range (2.5--55.1 x 2.5--51.3 mkm) than length and width of blastocysts from hens. The shape of blastocysts varies from round and oval to ellipsoid and amoeboid.
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[Evolution and phylogeny of coccidia with the eimerian-type and isomeric-type oocysts].
The isosporan-type of oocysts is a later evolutionary purchase in comparison with the eimerioran-type construction of oocysts'. Identical number of sporocysts and sporozoits in the oocysts, bivalvular constructions of sporocysts, heteroxenous life cycles and endogenous sporulation in a group series of coccidia have arisen asynchronously and independently. The evolution of RNA genes and a type of oocysts construction was proceeded in different species of the isosporan-type coccidia and with different velocities.
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[Distribution of coccidians (Coccidea) among different groups of hosts].
Approximately 3660 species of Coccidea belonging to 73 genera and 29 families parasitize representatives of the Metazoa kingdom. Coccidea were discovered in 10 of 35 phyla of Metazoa; in the most cases a direct correlation between the number of species in a host group and the number of Coccidea known from that group is clearly traced. Host groups, which are most archaic phylogenetically, are also parasitized by the archaic Coccidea groups. Evolutionarily derived hosts are parasitized by groups of Coccidea, which are the youngest phylogenetically. Parallel development of Coccidea and their hosts may be used for an indirect determination the time of origin of different Coccidea groups.
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[Evolutionary complication of life cycles in Coccidea (Sporozoa: Coccidea)].
Similar strategies to preserve a species were evolved independently in different groups of Coccidea. Polyenergid oocysts and tissue cysts are found in representatives of the orders Protococcidiida and Eimeriida. Hypnozoits are found in Karyolysus lacerate and Plasmodium vivax; transovarial transmission of parasites occurs in life cycles of Coccidea of the genera Karyolysis and Babesia. Formation of heteroxenity in groups of Coccidea apparently was developed by different ways and in different periods. In some groups (Cystoisospora, Toxoplasma, Aggregata, Atoxoplasma, Schelackia, Lankesterella, and Calyptospora), recent definitive hosts were initial hosts; in other groups (Sarcocystis, Karyolysus, Haemogregarina, Hepatozoon, Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, Leucytozoon, Babesiosoma, Theileria, and Babesia), intermediate hosts were initial hosts.
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[Coccidia (eimeriidae) of fishes (Cypriniformes) in the continental waters of Russia].
Thorough data on 67 coccidian species of the genera Eimeria, Goussia, and Isospora parasitizing fishes in the continental waters of Russia are given. Authors, year of description, synonyms, morphofunctional organization, and list of the hosts are reported for each species. The paper is supplied with figures of the exogenic stages of coccidia (oocysts).
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[Blastocystis galli sp. n. (Protista: Rhizopoda) from the intestines of domestic hens].
A new species, Blastocystis galli, parasitic in blind processes of large intestine was found in domestic hens. Sizes of blastocysts are 7.5-35.0 x 6.25-30.0 (18.67 x 17.05) microns. The parasite form varies from round to ellipsoid. There were found stages with 1 to 4 nuclei and stages containing 8 to 32 small daughter individuals. Outside blastocysts are covered with structured glycocalyx. Under glycocalyx there is a plasmatic membrane. Cytoplasm contains a great number of ribosomes and mitochondria with cristae resembling in their shape oval or round small sacs. Nucleus contains nucleolus. Chromatin mass is concentrated on one of the poles of the nucleus as individual bodies. Semilunar in form chromatin mass was not found. Golgi apparatus is represented by a number of plates grouped in a pile. Most part of the cell is occupied by reproductive organelles divided by cytoplasmatic membranes into compartments. On the basis of its ultrafine organization. B. galli is assigned to the kingdom Protista, type Rhizopoda, class Lobosea, subclass Gymnamoebia, order Blastocystida.
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[Multiple forms of malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) in Crithidia asclepii and C. oncopelti (Mastigophora, Trypanosomatidae)].
Isozyme analysis of mMDH in Crithidia asclepii and C. oncopelti by means of electrophoresis and densimetry method suggests the diploidness and genetic exchange in these organisms. Synthesis of mMDH in C. asclepii is checked by duplicated polymorphic loci MDH-1 and MDH-2, each with two alleles. In C. oncopelti two "daughter" loci are functioning too, polymorphic MDH-1 with 3 alleles and monomorphic MDG-2. Resemblance and differences in the isozyme spectra of mMDH can be used for taxonomic purposes.
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[Blastocystis fauna].
On the area of former USSR and Russia 10 species of Blastocystis were described: Blastocystis lessonae from Rana lessonae, B. anatis from Anas platyrhynchos, B. anseri from Anser anser, B. galli from Gallus gallus, B. numidae from Numida meleagris, B. meleagridis from Meleagris gallopavo, B. equi from Equus coballus, B. suis from Sus scrofa, B. bovis from Bos taurus, B. ovis from Ovis aries.
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[The specificity of blastocysts (Rhizopoda: Lobosea)].
The analysis of specificity of blastocysts was based on the data on host association and on experimental data. In experiments we failed to infect the geese (Anser anser) with Blastocystis galli taken from the fowl (Gallus gallus) and also failed to infect the fowl with B. suis taken from the pigs (Sus scrofa domestica). Experimental data and field observations of blastocysts distribution among different groups of hosts point out that the same species of blastocysts can not parasitize in hosts belonging to different classes and orders. The examination of 89 fish specimens belonging to 14 species of Osteichthyes taken from the Neman delta did not discover any blastocysts.
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[Blastocystis from primates].
A new species, Blastocystis lemuri sp. n., was found in the Lemur catta. Size of blastocysts in a culture is 10.25-35.25 mkm, the number of nuclei varies from 1 to 2. The optimum temperature for cultivation is +39 degrees.
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[Blastocystis survival outside of the host organism].
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