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Biomedical subjects

L M Grinberg

Publications and source records attributed to L M Grinberg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Quantitative pathology of inhalational anthrax I: quantitative microscopic findings.

Forty-one cases of documented inhalational anthrax from the Sverdlovsk epidemic of 1979 traced to release of aerosols of Bacillus anthracis at a secret biologic-agent production facility were evaluated by semiquantitative histopathologic analysis of tissue concentrations of organisms, inflammation, hemorrhage, and other lesions in the mediastinum, mediastinal lymph nodes, bronchi, lungs, heart, spleen, liver, intestines, kidneys, adrenal glands, and central nervous system. These data were correlated with clinical, epidemiologic, and demographic data. The patients' courses, with a variable incubation period and short nonspecific course (4 days before hospitalization) with rapid demise (1 day of hospitalization before death), correlated with systemic bacterial infection and lesions. Bacillus anthracis were identified in all cases in which there was no antibiotic treatment or there was treatment for fewer than 21 hours. The lesions that were the most severe and apparently of longest duration were in the mediastinal lymph nodes and mediastinum. There and elsewhere, peripheral transudate surrounded fibrin-rich edema; necrosis of arteries and veins was the most likely source of large hemorrhages displacing tissue or infiltrating tissue, respectively; and apoptosis of lymphocytes was observed. Respiratory function was compromised by mediastinal expansion, large pleural effusions, and hematogenous and retrograde lymphatic vessel spread of B. anthracis to the lung with consequent pneumonia. The central nervous system and intestines manifested similar hematogenous spread, vasculitis, hemorrhages, and edema. These pathologic findings are consistent with previous experimental studies showing transport of inhaled spores to mediastinal lymph nodes, where germination and growth lead to local lesions and systemic spread, with resulting edema and cell death, owing to the effects of edema toxin and lethal toxin. The identification of the vascular lesions as a basis for the prominent hemorrhages is a novel observation for human inhalational anthrax.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

PCR analysis of tissue samples from the 1979 Sverdlovsk anthrax victims: the presence of multiple Bacillus anthracis strains in different victims.

An outbreak of human anthrax occurred in Sverdlovsk, Union of Soviet Socialists Republic (now Ekaterinburg, Russia) in April 1979. Officials attributed this to consumption of contaminated meat, but Western governments believed it resulted from inhalation of spores accidentally released from a nearby military research facility. Tissue samples from 11 victims were obtained and methods of efficiently extracting high-quality total DNA from these samples were developed. Extracted DNA was analyzed by using PCR to determine whether it contained Bacillus anthracis-specific sequences. Double PCR using "nested primers" increased sensitivity of the assay significantly. Tissue samples from 11 persons who died during the epidemic were examined. Results demonstrated that the entire complement of B. anthracis toxin and capsular antigen genes required for pathogenicity were present in tissues from each of these victims. Tissue from a vaccination site contained primarily nucleic acids from a live vaccine, although traces of genes from the infecting organisms were also present. PCR analysis using primers that detect the vrrA gene variable region on the B. anthracis chromosome demonstrated that at least four of the five known strain categories defined by this region were present in the tissue samples. Only one category is found in a single B. anthracis strain.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Pathology of inhalational anthrax in 42 cases from the Sverdlovsk outbreak of 1979.

A large epidemic of anthrax that occurred in Sverdlovsk (now Ekaterinburg), Russia, in 1979 resulted in the deaths of many persons. A series of 42 necropsies, representing a majority of the fatalities from this outbreak, consistently revealed pathologic lesions diagnostic of inhalational anthrax, namely hemorrhagic necrosis of the thoracic lymph nodes in the lymphatic drainage of the lungs and hemorrhagic mediastinitis. Bacillus anthracis was recovered in bacterial cultures of 20 cases, and organisms were detected microscopically in the infected tissues of nearly all of the cases. A novel observation was primary focal hemorrhagic necrotizing pneumonia at the apparent portal of entry in 11 cases. Mesenteric lymphadenitis occurred in only 9 cases. This remarkably large series demonstrated the full range of effects of anthrax bacteremia and toxemia (edema especially adjacent to sites of extensive infection and pleural effusions) and hematogenously disseminated infection [hemorrhagic meningitis (21 cases) and multiple gastrointestinal submucosal hemorrhagic lesions (39 cases)].

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The causes of death in pulmonary tuberculosis patients living in the industrial areas of the Urals].

A comparative study of the causes of death of tuberculosis patients living in the industrial centres of the Ural for the period of 1953-1990 has shown that beginning in 1980's the frequency of progressive forms of tuberculosis increases, while the proportion of cardiopulmonary and chronic renal insufficiency as the cause of death diminishes (5.8 and 0.6%, respectively). Among those who died subjects of the able-bodied age and those with antisocial mode of life account for 40%. The middle-aged and elderly subjects (average age is 67 years) die mainly of silicotuberculosis among whom 40% die of cardiopulmonary insufficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Prevalent disseminated form of bronchiolo-alveolar cancer].

Three roentgenological variants of the course of the prevalent disseminated form of bronchoalveolar cancer were distinguished proceeding from the clinical and X-ray study: focal-disseminated (5 cases), focal-nodal (11) and focal-infiltrative (16). In the authors' opinion, the prevalent disseminated form of bronchoalveolar cancer is a terminal phase in the development of the more restricted forms of a tumour (nodal and pneumonia-like) which is formed by way of intrapulmonary aerogenic (bronchogenic) metastasis.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1992

[Morphology of bronchiolo-alveolar cancer].

The criteria of the morphological diagnosis of bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma are presented on the material of 140 cases. Three main histological types are distinguished: clear-cell, dark-cell, polymorphic-cell. Anatomical forms of tumour growth are also identified: nodular, pneumonia-like, disseminated.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[The diagnosis of bronchiolar-alveolar cancer].

Based on clinical and x-ray studies of 123 cases of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) verified at the clinic of lung surgery during 1964-1988, three main x-ray anatomic forms of BAC were distinguished: nodular, pneumonia-like and mixed (disseminated). Each of the forms correlates with the appropriate x-ray variants, has a specific clinical picture, requires specific differential diagnosis. Optimal methods of obtaining material with a purpose of morphological verification of the diagnosis were delineated for each of the x-ray anatomic forms of BAC.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1990

[The ultrastructural characteristics of different histological types of bronchiolar-alveolar cancer].

Morphological study of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) was performed by light or electron microscopy in 100 and 33 patients, respectively. BAC-1, 2 and 3 histologic subtypes were established basing on ultrastructural peculiarities which betrayed different cytogenetic origins. Electron microscopic signs of goblet cells were found in cells constituting BAC-1 tumors. BAC-2 tumor cells exhibited ultrastructural characteristics of Clara cells and/or type-II pneumocytes. BAC-3 tumors appeared less differentiated and contained mainly undifferentiated cells and cell clusters displaying various combinations of electron microscopic markers of goblet and Clara cells and type-II pneumocytes.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1989

[A pneumonia-like form of bronchioloalveolar cancer].

Clinico-roentgeno-morphologic correlates were studied in 28 cases of pneumonia-like form of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Histocytologic and roentgeno-anatomic patterns of the tumor were established. Clinical, roentgenological and morphologic features of the disease are described. The clinico-roentgenologic pattern of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma was found to depend upon morphologic type.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

[Chronic fibrous mediastinitis with a superior vena cava compression syndrome].

An observation of chronic fibrous mediastinitis in a woman of 32 with the previous history of puerperal sepsis with bilateral pneumonia is described. The disease manifested clinically by a syndrome of v. cava superior compression. Chronic inflammatory process in the mediastinal adipose tissue with the development of a rough fibrosis was found morphologically.

Adipose Tissue↗