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Biomedical subjects

L M Jampol

Publications and source records attributed to L M Jampol.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Optic nerve involvement associated with the multiple evanescent white-dot syndrome.

Five patients presenting with signs and symptoms of primary optic nerve disease were, after careful examination, diagnosed as having the multiple evanescent white-dot syndrome. Optic nerve findings in these patients included disc edema, central visual loss, enlarged blind spots, and other optic nerve field defects. The subtlety of the white spots in some cases made the diagnosis difficult. Multiple evanescent white-dot syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of young, healthy patients who present with unilateral or bilateral optic nerve dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Retinal injury induced by near-ultraviolet radiation in aphakic and pseudophakic monkey eyes. A preliminary report.

The effect of repeated exposures to low-intensity, near-ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the retinas of phakic, aphakic, and pseudophakic monkey eyes was studied. Ten eyes (4 aphakic eyes, 3 pseudophakic eyes, and 3 normal phakic eyes) of five rhesus monkeys were used. The near-UV radiation was generated by a high-pressure mercury vapor lamp with a total radiance of 14.43 mW/cm2/sr. Exposure regimens were 5 minutes a day for 10 days, 15 minutes a day for 5 days, or 60 minutes a day for 5 days. The retinas of aphakic and pseudophakic eyes were exposed to a daily dose of more than 0.97 J/cm2, or a total dose of more than 4.9 J/cm2 in 5 days at a retinal irradiance of more than 1.0 mW/cm2. Three of four aphakic eyes and one of three pseudophakic eyes showed clinical and pathologic retinal lesions after radiation. None of the three phakic eyes was damaged. The retinal lesions showed mild opalescent thickening ophthalmoscopically and retinal pigment epithelial staining by fluorescein angiography. Histopathologically, the retinal pigment epithelium was the site of primary injury by near-UV radiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Ocular complications of arteriovenous communications of the retina.

Primary arteriovenous communications of the retina (AVCR) are usually considered to be stable retinal lesions. Complications were documented in seven cases of AVCR, including intraretinal macular hemorrhage, central and peripheral retinal vein occlusions, neovascular glaucoma, and vitreous hemorrhage. To explain these developments, a hypothesis is presented that AVCR are associated with localized decreased retinal arterial pressure, increased retinal venous pressure, increased turbulence of blood flow, and decreased perfusion of adjacent retinal tissues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Acetazolamide for treatment of chronic macular edema in retinitis pigmentosa.

Twelve patients with retinitis pigmentosa and chronic macular edema were prospectively treated for 2-week periods with acetazolamide or a placebo in a masked, crossover study. Ten of the 12 patients had both subjective and objective improvement in visual acuity when treated with acetazolamide. Improvement was seen even in patients with an acuity as good as 20/25 at baseline as well as in patients with macular edema present for more than a decade. A dosage of 500 mg/d was found to be more effective than 250 mg/d. Six patients (50%) showed lessening of their macular edema on fluorescein angiography. This angiographically demonstrated improvement was predominantly due to less detectable leakage from retinal capillaries rather than from choroidal capillaries through the retinal pigment epithelium. Improvement in visual acuity was seen in some patients without a detectable change in the amount of angiographic fluorescein leakage.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1989

Effect of a pupillary light occluder on cystoid macular edema.

A prospective, randomized study of 291 patients was performed to determine the effect of a pupillary light occluder on the incidence of angiographic cystoid macular edema (CME) in patients having extracapsular surgery with implantation of a posterior chamber lens. Patients were randomized preoperatively into two groups: those having surgery with and without a pupillary light occluder on the cornea. The occluder was placed on the cornea during suture placement, following the extracapsular lens extraction and intraocular lens implantation. Of the 291 patients, 198 had angiograms readable for the presence or absence of CME. The incidence of angiographic CME in patients with the occluder was 15.0%; in those without the occluder it was 12.5%. The difference was not statistically significant. The presence or absence of an occluder on the cornea during suture placement does not affect the incidence of angiographic CME or the visual results of these cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Hyperbaric and transcorneal delivery of oxygen to the rabbit and monkey anterior segment.

When delivered to the corneal surface of rabbits for 30 minutes, 100% oxygen can significantly increase the mean (+/- SD) partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the aqueous humor (from 63.5 +/- 12.3 mm Hg [n = 12] to 139.5 +/- 32.4 mm Hg [n = 8]). Similar elevations were seen in monkeys. Under hyperbaric conditions (2 atm) for 30 minutes the aqueous PO2 in rabbits breathing room air can be increased to 295.2 +/- 132.4 mm Hg (n = 7) by exposing the rabbit cornea to 100% oxygen for 30 minutes. The high PO2 under these hyperbaric conditions is mediated by both vascular and transcorneal delivery of oxygen. The increase of PO2 in the rabbit aqueous can prevent or reverse sickling of intracameral human erythrocytes containing sickle hemoglobin. The exposure of rabbit eyes to 100% oxygen at the corneal surface is followed by autoregulation (constriction) of the iris vasculature. Transcorneal or vascular delivery of oxygen to the eye under normobaric or hyperbaric conditions may possibly benefit patients with hypoxic diseases of the anterior segment such as anterior segment necrosis, rubeosis iridis, or sickle cell hyphema.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Cotton-wool spots in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome compared with diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension, and central retinal vein occlusion.

The cotton-wool spot is a common fundus finding in patients with many ocular and systemic diseases. We investigated the characteristics of cotton-wool spots in patients with four major diseases, ie, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension, and central retinal vein occlusion, to see if any differences were detected in their number, size, or location. A composite of all the cotton-wool spots for each of these four categories was obtained by computed reconstruction to analyze variations in their distribution and size. The cotton-wool spots had a predilection for the temporal quadrants in the four categories and were smaller in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome than the other groups. Patients with ischemic central retinal vein occlusion had more cotton-wool spots than the other groups. No other definite differences were detected. Cotton-wool spots than the other groups. No other definite differences were detected. Cotton-wool spots seem to be a common pathway following various insults to the retina, most probably of a vaso-occlusive origin.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Retinal arteriolar changes in patients with hyperlipidemias.

Hyperlipidemia is a known risk factor for atherosclerosis systemically. To determine whether it causes changes in retinal arterioles, a group of 26 patients with hyperlipidemia (serum cholesterol or triglycerides greater than 95th percentile for age) were compared with 22 "normal" patients (comparison group) and 35 patients with contralateral branch retinal vein occlusion to determine the presence or absence of changes in the retinal arterioles. The arterioles of all groups were evaluated in a masked fashion to determine the presence of arteriovenous nicking, "sclerosis," narrowing, and tortuosity. No differences in the retinal arterioles between the patients with hyperlipidemia and the comparison group were found. Patients with branch retinal vein occlusion in the contralateral eye had significantly more arteriovenous nicking and "sclerosis" than the other groups. These data suggest that hyperlipidemia by itself is not a risk factor for the development of retinal arteriolar changes. Thus examining the retinal arterioles would not be helpful in detecting hyperlipidemia.

Arterioles↗
PubMed1988

Macular serpiginous choroiditis.

The authors describe in seven eyes of four patients a form of serpiginous choroiditis beginning in the macula without initial peripapillary activity. Eyes with macular serpiginous choroiditis often had a poor visual prognosis and sometimes developed subretinal neovascularization. Fluorescein angiography of the acute lesions showed hypofluorescence; some cases were thus initially diagnosed as having choroidal ischemia. Fluorescein angiography in one eye, however, suggested that at least some of the hypofluorescence seen acutely in eyes with serpiginous choroiditis is secondary to blocked fluorescence from "opaque" retinal pigment epithelium.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Calcification of Bruch's membrane in angioid streaks with homozygous sickle cell disease.

Histochemical and light and electron microscopic studies of two eyes of a patient with homozygous sickle cell disease and angioid streaks demonstrated heavy calcification and breaks in Bruch's membrane. We were unable to demonstrate iron deposition by histochemical techniques or transmission electron microscopy. These studies suggest that calcification rather than iron deposition is the major factor leading to brittleness of Bruch's membrane in patients with hemolytic anemia and angioid streaks.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗