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L M Kachalova

Publications and source records attributed to L M Kachalova.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Systemic analysis of anticipating reactions.

A capacity for anticipating reactions realizes itself in the course of systemic activity formation, events. There is no doubt that probability of prediction proves to be possible on the basis of formation in brain structures of certain systems of anticipating excitations. Dynamics of EP analogues is an objective criterion of evaluation of the anticipating reaction central mechanisms. The term "EP analogue" conveys the phenomenon of reproduction of the EP configurations in intersignal spans. On the basis of analysis of EP analogue dynamics, we succeeded in following the process of brain structure organization into the anticipating intercentral integrations and also in elucidating the role that different afferentation redistributions play in this process by their functional significance.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Metabolism and bioelectric activity of individual brain structures in response to the neuropeptide taftsine].

The effect of taftsine (T) tetrapeptide was studied on the systemic and subcellular levels. T was found to exert a specific effect on the activities of acetylcholinesterase and MAO molecular forms. The use of T altered the evoked potentials to a signal light stimulus in the cortical and subcortical brain structures. Rearrangements of the membranous proteins (by the content of sulfhydryl groups) detected in subfractions of synaptosomes were most expressed in the visual zone of the cortex. Thus, T exerts a modifying influence on various aspects of mediator metabolism and also on the perception of biologically important sensory stimuli.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1984

Neurophysiological processes in the striopallidum in shaping of avoidance reactions.

Analysis of evoked potentials (EP) (which are criteria of the brain structures' involved in integration processes) dynamics served as a basis to investigate participation of the caudate nucleus (Cd), the globus pallidum (GP) and the thalamus ventrolateral nucleus (VL) in two types of the adaptive behavior securing: defensive avoidance reaction and perception learning. The results prove the notion that neurophysiological processes change in brain structures by adaptive reactions forming in dogs (Adrianov, 1980; Popova, 1980). Goal-directed motor component presence in the adaptive behavior was revealed as the determining factor of the Cd, GP and VL involvement in the system's processes. It was found that the dynamics of the Cd, GP and VL involvement in defensive habit central organization are determined both by motor response forming and signal and reinforcing stimuli functional significance change: the Cd, GP and VL functioning "regime" dependence on relationship were shown between these external elements of the adaptive behavior system. The Cd is involved in the central integration by two variants: the first one is formed under influence of afferent actions stipulated by the signal stimulus onset; the other one under the influence of afferentations complex from the motor response executive apparatus. The GP functioning "regime" is formed during the significance settling of the light stimulus trigger. Variations of VLs involvement in the system processes is determined by the possibility of reinforcement in the defensive behavior system.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The experimental development of the concept of O. S. Adrianov on the correlation of functional and neurochemical processes: regulatory peptides in mediator system dysfunction].

The article is devoted to commemoration of full member of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Oleg Andreevich Adrianov, who would have celebrated his 75-th anniversary in 1998. O. S. Adrianov, author of numerous works on physiology and morphology of central nervous system, in the recent years of his was studying the problem of the processes relationship at macro and micro levels of brain organization. Further to the concept created by O.S. Adrianov, data on action of two peptides: delta-sleep and tafcine, on behavior, neurophysiological and neurochemical processes have been consolidated. Experimental data were obtained for rabbits, cats, and dogs, both intact and in the state of pathology (psychomotoric excitement, bradykinesia, penicillin epilepsy). Impact of peptides on convergation processes is discussed: peptide of delta-sleep depresses reactions of brain structures to photo- and phono-stimulation, and activates the serotoninergic system in general; tafcine enforces the convergation processes and activates the dopaminergic system.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Principle of reorganizing the functional interrelations of brain structures in action on the dopamine system of dogs].

In dogs, the influence of chronic administration of the agonist (L-DOPA) and antagonist (haloperidol) of central dopamine processes on functional interrelations of the brain structures was studied by dynamics of evoked potentials. Cortical-subcortical relations during formation of a motor habit are described in intact animals: basic functional regimes of central integration are singled out--sensory and motor one. Change of their equilibrium is the general principle of systemic reconstructions elicited by differently directed interferences in dopamine processes. Against the background of chronic administration of haloperidol, a sensory-motor imbalance is formed due to uniform functioning of the basal ganglia as analyzer of the signal stimulus; simultaneously the utilization of afferentation elicited by the movement is limited. A variant is revealed of intercentral relations corresponding to bradykinesia development. Under chronic administration of L-DOPA, interrelations of sensory and motor regimes become competitive; basal ganglia are provided with nontypical kinds of afferentations. Intercentral relations variant is examined corresponding to development of psycho-motor excitation. The results are discussed in connection with pathogenic and compensatory mechanisms of some symptoms of parkinsonism and schizophrenia.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Aberrations of cortical and subcortical integration during chronic administration of haloperidol to the dog].

The character of evoked potentials (EPs) dynamics to signal light stimulus during elaboration of avoidance reaction, allows to assert that during formation of adaptive activity functional balance is established of sensory and integrative-triggering brain parts or functional balance of "motor" and "sensory" integration regimes. Each of the studied subcortical structures is characterized by simultaneous but specific functioning both in the motor and sensory regimes; such conclusion is based on different dynamics of their EPs parameters: the changes of ones correspond to EPs dynamics in the visual cortical area, of the others--in the motor area. During chronic haloperidol administration, the reorganizations of intercentral relations are observed in 10--12 days after the beginning of drug administration. They may be considered as a succession of disturbances of functional balance between "sensory" and "motor" integration regimes: at first the sensory regime domination appears in which subcortical structures are chiefly and uniformly involved (ncd, pall and n. acc.); "motor" regime is weakened; then, as a result, a distortion of the "motor" regime of integration takes place. In this case a bradykinesia is developed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Interrelationship between the auditory, parietal and sensomotor regions of the dog cerebral cortex during a defensive conditioned reflex].

Interrelations between projection (auditory), associative (parietal) and integrative-triggering (sensorimotor) cortical areas were studied in dogs by EP parameters and localization during formation of defensive conditioned reflex to clicks. These interrelations were studied in intact animals and after ablation of either T3 areas or PI2 area of the auditory cortex. It was found that in intact animals auditory cortical areas are constantly involved in brain integrations whereas parietal ones show periodical participation (EPs in the parietal cortical area accompany some pairings of signal stimulus with reinforcement). Integrative-triggering cortical structures are involved in the systemic processes in the period of stabilisation of defensive reaction. After ablation of T3 area integrative-triggering cortical structures are turned on within a large exitation system from the beginning of the defensive reaction formation. After ablation of PI2 area parietal areas constantly participate in brain integrations. The nature of their participation in the forming of a given functional system is determined by the state of the auditory system or location of its injury.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Participation of the pallidum in formation of different forms of adaptive behavior].

Participation of associative (O2, OP), motor (Prc1) and somatosensory (Pc3) neocortical fields, as well as of the pallidum, in intercentral integrative processes of various kinds of adaptive activity, differing in manifestation of the motor component,-- was studied on dogs with chronically implanted electrodes by parameters of evoked potentials (EP). Establishment of indifference of the non-reinforced stimulus is not connected with elaboration of motor programs. O2 and OP cortical fields are more significant elements, while the pallidum is a less significant element, of the corresponding integration. At the beginning of the elaboration of avoidance reaction, the indifferent meaning of the same stimulus changes to the signal one. The participation of the pallidum in the activated structures is probably connected with an involvement of afferentation from the stimulated limb. During the elaboration of the motor reaction a functional connection is manifested between the pallidum and the motor and somatosensory cortices in the aspect of their involvement in the formation of an adaptive motor program.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The correlation of the behavioral, bioelectrical and cytobiochemical characteristics of the effect of taftsin].

The complex neurophysiological, biochemical, and histochemical investigation carried out in dogs, cats, rabbits, and rats revealed the effects of taftsin (300 mcg/kg) at the macro- and microlevels within different periods (30 and 75 min) after its intraperitoneal injection. It was shown that after taftsin administration the configuration of evoked potentials was modified, especially, in the visual cortex and the nucleus accumbens. The absolute power of EEG spectra increased in a wide range of brain structures under consideration. Catecholaminergic activity was augmented and serotonin activity suppressed in the sensorimotor cortex and caudate nucleus, the indices of the protein metabolism reciprocally changed in the cortical and subcortical structures. Comparison of taftsin effects at different levels suggests that such effects are mainly caused by the interaction between the dopamine-containing brain structures. The consequence of taftsin administration can be probably interpreted as an intervention into the processes of visual perception.

Animals↗