Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to L M Mikhaleva.
Morphometric study of blood vessels in serous tumors of the ovaries was carried out. Vascularization of benign, borderline, and malignant tumors is different, which agrees with the data of color Doppler mapping. Pronounced morphological changes in vascular wall (degenerative changes, sclerosis, and hyalinosis) were detected mainly in borderline and malignant tumors.
We studied morphological changes in rat abdominal aorta and vena cava inferior induced by endovascular microwave destruction. This treatment induced thrombosis and necrosis of the vascular walls, but fibrous framework was not completely destroyed. Then we observed irreversible changes in vessels: obliteration, atrophy of the aorta walls, and sclerosis of venous walls. The preserved fibrous framework of the vessel walls probably plays a role of a framework for the formation of fibrous tissue.
We studied morphological changes in the liver after local MW-destruction. Microwave radiation damaged vascular walls with the formation of extensive necrotic focus; demarcation zone appeared 24 h after exposure, encapsulation occurred after 7 days, and replacement with a fine cicatrix formed by mature connective tissue after 4 months.
In rats with hypertension modeled by the one kidney-one clamp method, constrictory responses of the isolated caudal artery to norepinephrine differed under various perfusion conditions. Vascular reactions in hypertensive rats were more potent at a constant flow rate, and less potent at a constant pressure compared to those in normotensive rats. Previous experiments demonstrated similar changes in constrictory responses of the caudal artery in spontaneously hypertensive rats. It is assumed that these peculiarities of the vascular reactivity during hypertension are determined by thickening of the smooth muscle layer of the vascular wall.
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The vasoconstrictor effects of noradrenaline were studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared with Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY), and in Wistar rats with regional hypotension (WH) compared to control Wistar rats (WC). The abdominal aorta was ligated in WH distal to the renal arteries, lowering blood pressure in the hindquarters by 41% and tail artery wall cross-sectional area by 35% compared with WC. A cylindrical segment was dissected from the proximal part of the tail artery, cannulated at both ends and perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution either at constant flow starting from a pressure of 120 mmHg or at a constant pressure of 120 mmHg. The cumulative dose-response relationships for noradrenaline were determined in control conditions and subsequently in the presence of gadolinium (100 microM), a non-specific blocker of mechanosensitive channels. Under constant-flow perfusion noradrenaline evoked a more prominent resistance increase in SHR compared with WKY and in WC compared with WH. Similar relations were seen in the presence of gadolinium, although responses were reduced. At constant pressure perfusion the vasoconstrictor response to noradrenaline was lower in SHR compared with WKY and in WC compared with WH. Application of gadolinium under constant-pressure perfusion reduced responses in WKY and WH, so that vasoconstriction in SHR became more pronounced than that in WKY and in WC than that in WH. It is suggested that the results can be explained by the difference in wall thickness causing different degrees of activation of the myogenic response to distension.
Chronic (12 weeks) peroral administration of cadmium chloride to albino rats in a dose of 2.5 mg/100 g body weight results in arterial hypertension characterized by the increase in systolic blood pressure up to 148 +/- 1.8 mm Hg (vs. 115.4 +/- 1.5 mm Hg in the control animals); the increase in vascular resistance, left ventricular cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, as well as by hypertrophy of arterial walls, the decrease in the ventricular index, the activation of synthesizing function of atrial endocrine cardiomyocytes; enhanced secretion of ANP; a more than two-fold increase in plasma myoglobin concentration, as well as by the development of cadmium-induced nephropathy. In the rehabilitation period (9 weeks) a relatively quick fall in the blood pressure is observed, as well as morphological features of myocardial and renal function recovery, suggesting the nonpersistent nature of cadmium-induced hypertension.
A case of an internal cholecystogastric fistula that closed spontaneously and combined with low large-intestinal obstruction due to a gallstone is described. Other, similar cases reported in the literature are reviewed.
Parodontal tissues were studied using semithin and ultrathin sections. Cell populations participating in parodontitis development consist of plasmocytes, fibroblasts, granulocytes, lymphocytes, endotheliocytes, mast cells and, to a lesser extent, epitheliocytes, thrombocytes, macrophages. The ultrastructural criterion of severe chronic parodontitis is the presence of pronounced changes in plasmocyte population with their transformation.
The morphology of aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) in 10 children was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Angiodysplasia signs and disorder of bone remodeling occur in ABC areas leading to secondary hemodynamic disorders and abnormal bone remodeling with predominance of resorption in dynamics of remodeling.
As seen at semithin and ultrathin sections, there are marked changes in the cells and extracellular components of the microcirculatory bed in chronic periodontitis. These changes affect endotheliocytes, subendothelial zone, basal membrane and pericytes. In the capillary lumen there are erythrocytes and other corpuscles, platelets, in particular. A close contact of plasmocytes with components of the vascular wall confirms the leading role of vascular theory of chronic periodontitis pathogenesis.
High vascularization is noted in serous papillary ovarian tumors of a low malignancy grade, particularly in malignant serous ovarian tumors with low vascularization in benign neoplasms. Pronounced morphological changes in the vascular wall are found mainly in malignant tumors and tumors of a low malignancy grade where primitive blood vessels of a sinusoid type with a thin muscle wall prevail. Types of vascularization in the tumors studied are variable and this correlates with results of color doppler mapping.
Glandular cystic ovarian endometriosis (OE) is characterized by a more intensive blood supply than cystic OE. This type of OE is characterized by a high proliferative glandular epithelial activity detected by an immunohistochemical study using antibodies to PCNA and CA-125. Moreover, a positive correlation is found between the serum concentration of CA-125 and the expression of this antigen in the epitheliocytes of an endometrioid cyst in both glandular-cystic and cystic OE. Thus, the findings permit the determination of the morphofunctional activity of a type of OE and its aptness to the progression of the disease and to the development of recurrences.
Masshoff's disease (pseudotuberculous mesadenitis) was diagnosed in a 20-year-old male on the basis of histological investigation of surgically removed appendix and ileocaecal lymph nodes. The appendix was intact. Hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue with formation of small abscesses and karyorrhexis of neutrophils, but without giant polynuclear cells was histologically revealed in lymph nodes. Foci of fibrinoid necrosis were found in lymph node capsules. Serological test for pseudotuberculosis was strongly positive ( +).
Histological changes in chronic experimental hypocobaltosis manifest as atrophic-degenerative alterations and restructuring of endocrine organs as well as a decrease in systemic resistance (accidental transformation of the thymus, duodenitis and sigmoiditis in some animals). Pronounced fat hepatosis and signs of iron metabolism damage (cheilitis, spleen siderosis) are found as well.
Pathology of congenital bromine deficiency is described in a she-goat whose mother was kept for two years on a bromine deficient diet. Anomalies of the bones and joints of the anterior limbs, disturbances of carbohydrate, lipid and mineral metabolism in the form of liver, kidney and lymph nodes glycogenosis, liver fat degeneration, haemosiderosis of the liver, spleen and lungs were found. Moderate thymomegaly with hyperplasia of the cortex and an increase in the number of Hassal bodies, microcystic ovary transformation, adrenal adenomatosis, cheilitis, flossitis, focal proliferative extracapillary glomerulonephritis were also observed.
327 and 736 protocols of postmortem examinations from Moscow hospitals N 31 and 57, respectively, were evaluated statistically. The quality of clinical diagnosis of pneumonia was examined. Pneumonia caused death in 26.3 and 21.1% of cases in Moscow hospitals 31 and 57, respectively. Besides subjective reasons which were the main cause of diagnostic mistakes, there were such factors as poor condition of patients, atypical pneumonia course, alcoholism.
Dieulafois syndrome is a rare congenital pathology with profuse gastric bleeding due to the damage to arterial wall in the submucosa layer. The case illustrates difficulties encountered in the treatment of such patients.