PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L M Popova

Publications and source records attributed to L M Popova.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Diphtheritic polyneuropathy: clinical analysis of severe forms.

BACKGROUND: Diphtheritic polyneuropathy (DP) is a dangerous complication of diphtheria, especially its severe forms with bulbar, respiratory tract, and circulatory disturbances. However, the clinical picture of severe forms of DP is practically unknown. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features and peculiarities of the course of severe forms of DP. PATIENTS: Thirty-two patients with severe forms of DP. RESULTS: The first symptoms of DP developed in most patients 3 to 5 weeks after the onset of diphtheria. The cranial nerves were involved in all patients, most frequently nerves IX and X (32 patients); VII (28 patients); III, IV, and VI (27 patients); and XI (27 patients). One third of the patients had quadriplegia. The remaining patients had quadripareses. Of the 32 patients, 24 underwent artificial ventilation. All patients had sensory signs, proprioceptive more often than superficial. Autonomic disturbances were observed also in all patients. Only 2 of the 32 patients died. CONCLUSIONS: A direct indication for tracheotomy and artificial ventilation in patients with DP is a decrease of the vital capacity of the lungs below the traditional 16 mL/kg body weight or the development of the paralytic closure of the larynx against the background of the increasing weakness of the respiratory muscles. Characteristic of severe forms of DP is the phenomenon of the oppositely directed change in the neurological symptoms in the second month of the disease: the restoration of the function of the cranial nerves against the background of the further increase of the motor disturbances in the extremities and trunk. Special attention and care should be taken of patients during the period of the appearance of the episodes of vascular collapses-between the fourth and seventh weeks of DP.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Pathology of the brain in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease].

The autopsy cases of Creitsfeldt-Jacob disease (a sporadic form) are reported which were diagnosed clinically and supported by the data of biopsy and autopsy of the brain (classic triad: death of neurons, astrogliosis and spongiform degeneration of the gray substance of the cortex of brain hemispheres, preferentially), followed by clinical morphologic comparisons. The focal character of the disease was observed on the early stages of the disease, while diffuse alterations were found on the late stages.

Basal Ganglia Diseases↗
PubMed1997

[The treatment of demyelinating polyneuropathies of different origins with small doses of immunoglobulin G].

Application of small doses of IgG-Sandoglobulin (0.16 to 0.98 g per kg of body weight) was quite effective in 2 patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome and in 2 cases of diphtheritic polyneuropathy. These patients had a severe form of the disease with disorders of essential functions. An international course of the disease in one case of IgG treatment was observed. Meanwhile preparation was uneffective in 2 patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy caused by lymphoproliferative process. It is worth while to accumulate experience to define optimal doses of the drug.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[The development of the science of neural resuscitation].

The complex approach to both restoration and maintenance of vital functions in patients with severe nervous system diseases is described in this article. The respiratory reanimation is thought to be the main problem of neuroreanimatology. The long-term experience of the Institute of Neurology of Rus. Acad. Med. Sci. in this field is presented. It was concerned with the arbitrary respiratory control disorders, automatic respiratory regulation disturbances, the damages of peripheral centers associated with respiratory function.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical course of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis during life support care].

The authors provide the data on lateral amyotrophic sclerosis (LAS) in 11 patients whose life was extended during respiratory failure by respiratory resuscitation and intensive care. The disease was established to run a cyclic course. The following clinical disease periods were distinguished: period of precursors, local motor disorders period, and period of initial and marked generalization. De-efferentation was the final period. The latter one was characterized by the arrest of all motor functions, namely by total paralysis with the exception of the function of oculomotor nerves. Motoneurons of the truncus cerebri nuclei disintegrated much more slowly than those of the spinal cord. The phase of de-efferentation lasted 8 years whereas the total disease period reached 23 years. Intellectual functions were preserved whatever the disease periods. Slow progress of motoneuronal disintegration enables using the respiratory systems both inpatiently and at home. Respiratory resuscitation and intensive care can be employed, if the patient and his relatives give their consent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Pathogenesis and etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (clinico-morphological research)].

The authors describe a 22-year-long course of lateral amyotrophic sclerosis; 14 of these years the patient was maintained by artificial ventilation of the lungs. Total paralysis was associated with intact consciousness and the function of the eye-moving muscles. According to morphological findings the death of motoneurons of the spinal cord and brain stem, as well as of corticospinal tracts was combined with signs of slowly progressive inflammatory process. Virus-like inclusions detected in the cytoplasm of neurons and astrocytes point to a possible infectious nature of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Mechanism of stimulation of the motor activity of the stomach by the greater splanchnic nerve].

The activating effect of the splanchnic nerve on motor activity of the gastro-intestinal tract could not be eliminated either with bilateral vagotomy or separate or joint administration of ornid and benzohexonium, but could be well prevented with atropin blockade of the vegetative ganglia M-serotoninergic receptors as well as diprazin blockade of the smooth muscle D-serotoninergic receptors. The data obtained reveal non-cholinergic and non-adrenergic fibers in the thoracic portion of the major splanchnic nerve which exert obvious activating effect on the stomach contractile function, serotonin being their transmitter.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Thrombolytic therapy with streptodekase in ischemic strokes].

Thrombolytic agents previously employed in the treatment of ischemic stroke were associated with adverse side-effects and hemorrhagic complications. The use of streptodekase (S), a Soviet trombolytic drug, which is a long-acting immobilized ensyme proved to be highly effective. The efficacy of S in ischemic stroke was not investigated. The authors report the use of S within the first 6-8 hours after an ischemic stroke in thrombosis of the main stem of the middle meningeal artery in one case and of the vertebral and main arteries with the development of the locked-in syndrome in the other. In both cases the administration of S led to thrombolysis and restoration of the blood flow. The authors discuss the results of the use of S and indicate the necessity of the earliest possible administration of the drug with regard to a high sensitivity of the brain to ischemic lesions.

Brain Ischemia↗
PubMed1982

[Pathogenesis of optic disk congestion in acute polyradiculoneuritis].

The authors analyze the development of optic disc congestion in patients with acute polyradiculoneuritis. Basing on an analysis of the brain hydrodynamics examined with the aid of the subarachnoidal infusion test, the authors come to the conclusion that the main pathogenetic factor responsible for the development of intracranial hypertension and optic disc congestion in the patients examined is the syndrome of the decreased cerebrospinal fluid absorption. It is emphasized that basic to the treatment of intracranial hypertension and optic disc edema during the disease in question should be measures aimed at the improved drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid to the cerebral venous system.

Absorption↗
PubMed1982

[Virus-like inclusions in the cells of the central nervous system in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

Electron microscopic examination of the frontal cortex of a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with 14-year prolongation of life by artificial ventilation of the lungs revealed heretofore undescribed cytoplasmic virus-like inclusions in neurons and glial cells as well as changes in the granular endoplasmic reticulum in astrocytes consisting of large accumulations of ribosomes in which regular arrays were frequently observed. The discovered inclusions were not similar to any identified viral inclusions but were similar to virus-like particles found in the muscle in ALS and viral inclusions in experimental poliomyelitis. The role of the observed inclusions and their etiological importance remain obscure.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Clinical importance of the electron microscopic study of muscle biopsies in myasthenia during prednisolone therapy].

An observation of a patient with malignant generalised myasthenia treated for 5 years with surgical methods (thymectomy, glomectomy) as well as with ACTH, immunosuppressors and prednisolone is described. Before prednisolone therapy and 2 years after it muscle biopsies were taken to control the effectiveness of the therapy given. Electron microscopic examination of the second biopsy revealed predominance of muscle regeneration processes over atrophy and destruction in the absence of clinical signs of recovery.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Pulmonary function in neuromuscular diseases.

Lung function were determined in patients with neuromuscular diseases. The decrease of TLC, VC and the increase of RV were established. The ratio FEV1/VC was decreased during two months after the onset of disease in patients with acute polyradiculoneuritis and during one year after the onset of the respiratory insufficiency in patients with myasthenia gravis. These data have the practice importance for establishing of the period of artificial ventilation. Its theoretical significance is that they supply the knowledge deficit in clinical physiology of respiration in some neurological diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Mechanics of breathing during prolonged artificial ventilation.

In three patients with lesions of peripheral regions of the central nervous system and paralyses of the respiratory muscles (malignant myasthenia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and residual manifestations after poliomyelitis), artificial ventilation has been performed continuously for periods from 7 years 4 months to 18 years 9 months using some degree of hyperventilation (PCO2 19.5--26.8 mmHg). The mechanics of breathing were studied by pneumotachography with synchronous recording of transpulmonary and oesophageal pressures using cuffed tubes. The findings were a decrease of total compliance of the respiratory apparatus (Ctot 23--28 ml x cm x H2O-1), a severe decrease in compliance of the lung tissue (CL 24--30 ml x cm x H2O-1), a sharp increase of bronchial resistance during inspiration (RresLI 15.0--23 cm x H2O l-1 s-1), and during expiration (RresLE 16.5--30.7 cm x H2O l-1 s-1), an elevation of compliance of the chest (Cw 358--555 ml x cm x H2O-1), a reduction of non-elastic resistance of the chest (Rres w 0.2--0.6 cm x H2O l-1 s-1). These parameters indicated progressive changes of the structures of the lung tissue and of the tracheobronchial tree which were most pronounced in the case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Adult↗