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Biomedical subjects

L M Portnoĭ

Publications and source records attributed to L M Portnoĭ.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[The modern role of stomach cancer radiodiagnostics].

The authors' main purpose was to assess the role of stomach cancer radiodiagnostics, considering the changes in the morphology of the disease within the last decades of the 20th century. The results of radiodiagnostic and morphological study of 1258 cases of verified stomach cancer were compared. This methodical approach allowed correction of radiodiagnostic methods and stomach cancer semiotics, directed towards detection of endophytic tumors. The radiologic examination included conventional radiologic imaging, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging of the stomach. The morphologic examination included a method of studying endophytic stomach cancer, specially designed for this research. According to the authors of the article, the prevalence of diffuse and mixed stomach cancer has increased substantially within the last 34 years; the incidence of the stomach upper part involvement has increased 2.4 times. The modem radiodiagnostics and semiotics of stomach cancer are based on the principles of endophytic tumor detection. The authors conclude that modern radiodiagnostics and endoscopy are two main methods of stomach cancer diagnostics.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Magnetic-resonance tomography in diagnosis of hepatopancreatoduodenal tumors].

Results of magnetic-resonance tomography (MRT) in 112 patients with diseases of hepatopancreatoduodenal zone were analyzed, 24 of them had tumors of bile ducts and pancreas. New noninvasive diagnostic method--magnetic-resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCPG)--performed in addition to routine MRT was evaluated. The technique of MRCPG, analysis of results, manetic-resonance semiotics are presented. This method is compared with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. It is concluded that combination of consentional MRT with MRCPG increases possibilities in diagnosis of hepatopancreatoduodenal cancers, complicated by obstructive jaundice, as a rule.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[X-ray computed tomography in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis].

The paper provides a detailed analysis of 120 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis that was mainly detected by X-ray computed tomography (XCT). The study was performed on third-generation XCT plants. The authors highly appreciate the contribution of XCT to the diagnosis of tuberculosis with emphasis on some organizational issues. They suggest that third-forth-generation XCT plants that show its high effectiveness in detecting major lung diseases, including tuberculosis, and cost-efficiency should be widely introduced into the outpatient setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[The diagnosis of stomach cancer: the status of the problem, the outlook for improvement and the clinico-morphological aspects].

Having analysed 3000 verified cases of cancer of the stomach, the authors have made the conclusion that current x-ray investigations and computed tomography are effective tools in diagnosis of gastric carcinoma especially in intramural carcinomas, propose the term "intramural blastomatous infiltrate" (IBI) syndrome characterizing initial manifestations of squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach. Morphologically, x-ray symptoms corresponded either to infiltrative growth of gastric cancer or growth of connective tissue under the tumor. Such morphological changes in gastric cancer are likely to result from molecular-genetic polymorphism of the tumors. To make the diagnosis of gastric cancer as early as possible it is necessary to combine updated x-ray, endoscopic and morphological techniques.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1994

[Radiodiagnostic problems in adrenal diseases].

Effectivity of radiodiagnosis has been analyzed in 158 patients with adrenal disease, among them 112 and 117 hormone-active tumors, while 46 subjects had 54 hormone-inactive tumors. Computed tomography proved more sensitive in detection of hormone-active tumors and hyperplasia of the adrenals than ultrasonography (97% versus 62%). Radioimmunoassay of the blood outflowing from the adrenals adjuvant to their venography appeared informative in 18 out of 21 procedures. Computed tomography was also more effective in identification of adrenal hormone-inactive tumors (adenomas, metastases, cancer, etc.), its sensitivity being 100% against 44% for ultrasonography. In large-size tumors aortography only warrants determination of the tumor organic origin reliably. The diagnostic model is proposed for adrenal diseases. It uses stage-by-stage and purposeful application of radiologic investigations.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1993

[Radiologic localization of pancreatic insulinoma].

Thirty-one patients with insulinoma of the pancreas verified during operation were examined. The localization of the tumor was detected by ultrasonic examination in 9.7%, by X-ray computed tomography in 38.9%, by angiographic study in 32.1%, and by endoscopic retrograde pancreatocholangiography in 11.1% of cases. Complex use of the methods allowed the localization of the tumor to be determined in 48.4% of cases. The smallest diameter of insulinoma diagnosed during ultrasonic examination and endoscopic retrograde pancreatocholangiography was 1.5 cm, X-ray computed tomography and angiography demonstrated tumors measuring 1.0 cm in diameter. The diagnostic efficacy of the methods increases when the tumor is located in the body and tail of the pancreas. The examination scheme for patients with suspected insulinoma must include ultrasonic study and X-ray computed tomography; when their results are negative angiography must be resorted to.

Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde↗
PubMed1993

[Radiologic diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in abdominal and retroperitoneal sites].

A total of 112 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of abdominal and retroperitoneal localization were examined by the ultrasonic and x-ray methods, in 83 of them x-ray computer-aided tomography was used. Angiographic examinations and puncture biopsy monitored by US or x-ray CAT were carried out if indicated. The authors discuss the problems of ultrasonic and x-ray semeiotics of the lymphomatous involvement of the lymph nodes, spleen, gastrointestinal tract. They claim that USE, permitting the specification of further plan of examination of each patient, and x-ray examination as a method to assess the gastrointestinal status are the optimal methods for the primary diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. US data may prompt further application of x-ray CAT, whose results will supplement the US findings. Angiographic examinations should be carried out only in the most difficult diagnostic situations, bearing in mind the invasive nature of the method and its high price.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

[The current diagnostic aspects of abdominal aortic aneurysms].

Based on diagnostic data in 35 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm, which were obtained during ultrasonic scan echography, X-ray computed tomography and radioopaque angiography, and on their comparison with intraoperative findings, a diagnostic algorithm for examinations has been developed, which enables errors in the diagnosis to be excluded. The major diagnostic technique for abdominal aortic aneurysms has been found to be X-ray computed tomography which provided no errors in the assessment of the extent of aneurysms and the presence of their complicating components in all 35 patients. In high aneurysms of the abdominal aorta and suspected stenoses in the visceral, renal, and iliac arteries, X-ray computed tomography should be supplemented by radioopaque angiography to clarify the status of aortic branches.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1992

[Improving the efficiency of detecting central lung cancer at a polyclinic].

Suggestions for restructuring organization of the photoroentgenographic part of the polyclinical diagnostic service are presented. A model of central lung cancer detection was developed which consists of the following basic elements: (1) a program of identification of high risk groups in the ambulatory population, and (2) differentiated standardized X-ray and photoroentgenographic examination in combination with other diagnostic methods.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1991

[Radiological diagnosis of tumors of the adrenal glands].

Radiation methods were used for examining 176 patients with hormonal-active tumors and 12 patients with hormonal-nonactive tumors. The correct diagnosis of tumor of the adrenals was established with the help of oxysuprarenography in 51.9%. Ultrasonic examination was used in 78.8% and roentgen computed tomography--in 93.5%. Differential diagnostics of the Itsenko--Cushing disease and Cushing syndrome, due to corticosteroma is possible on the basis of the whole complex of findings of USI, RCT and venography with determination of the level of cortisol, aldosterone, catecholamine in blood flowing from the adrenals.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

[Organizational and methodological reorganization of diagnostic services in the polyclinics].

Suggestions are made of organizational and methodological restructuring of diagnostic polyclinic service which make it possible to substantially increase its diagnostic and economic effectiveness. The major elements of such restructuring should include: 1. introduction of special programmes on risk group selection according to separate diseases; 2. The application of standardized complex ++fluoro-roentgenographic techniques while using apparatus available in the majority of regular polyclinics. The programmes elaborated permitted to detect a great number of different diseases (tumors and chronic non-specific lung diseases, tumors and gastric ulcer, tumors of the colon, breast tumors, etc) the proportion of which in the general pattern of diseases in great. According to the authors' opinion the introduction of the proposed diagnostic programmes into the work of polyclinics would sharply increase the effectiveness of this service.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1991

[The role of computed tomography in the diagnosis of lung cancer].

The paper discusses the data on 229 cases of lung pathology including 85 with cancer. Sensitivity and specificity were 89.4 and 86% for standard X-ray procedures and 91.8 and 90.3% for computed tomography, respectively. Combined application of the methods was followed by a rise in the parameters to 94.1 and 93%, respectively. Computed tomography proved useful for early detection of lung metastases.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Role of gastrofluorography in improving detection of pyloroduodenal stenoses].

To improve the diagnosis of pyloroduodenal stenoses (PDS), it is suggested that persons at high risk for gastrointestinal diseases screened among the polyclinic contingents may be examined. With that purpose in view a specialized gastrofluorographic room was set up at a polyclinic. Gastric fluorography was carried out according to a standardized method based on double opacification. Endoscopy was performed on a random basis depending on the gastrofluorography findings. Over 25,000 investigations were made. 155 cases of PDS were revealed. Of these, 107 were of ulcerous etiology, 38 of tumorous. In 10 cases, PDS was caused by primary injury to the organs adjacent to the stomach. Besides, for the suggested diagnostic program to be more significant, roentgenofluoroendoscopic correlations were made in 106 patients with remarkable clinical manifestations of PDS, that demonstrated its high efficacy. In the authors' opinion, the developed diagnostic program based on the use of gastrofluorography combined with endoscopy is to contribute to an appreciable rise of PDS detectability, particularly at the early stages of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Possibilities of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of gastric tumors].

On basis of experience in computed tomography (CT) of the stomach in 76 individuals, in 44 of whom gastric tumors were diagnosed, the possibilities of this method in the recognition of this pathological condition are discussed. The authors discuss in detail their own method of CT of the stomach, which combines elements of the classical gastroroentgenology and the specific features of CT characteristic of it as an independent method. The method is based on fractional contrasting of the gastric lumen by introducing air through a nasogastric catheter. It practically excludes the possibility of diagnostic errors associated with visualization of "pseudothickenings" of the gastric wall, and thus removes the main limiting factor of using CT in the diagnosis of gastric tumors. Appraising quite highly the CT potential in neoplastic diseases of the stomach, the authors emphasize that the method must be used in complex with the existing traditional means of examination of the stomach.

Adenocarcinoma↗