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Biomedical subjects

L M Ruilope

Publications and source records attributed to L M Ruilope.

229 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Response of plasma aldosterone to orthostatism during follicular and luteal phases of the normal menstrual cycle.

The responses of plasma aldosterone (A) and plasma renin activity (PRA) to orthostatism have been evaluated in 47 women during the follicular and/or luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Three postmenopausal women and 51 men were also studied for control. Fourteen cycling women and 11 men were studied on a low sodium diet (20 mEq/day) while the rest of the subjects were on normal sodium intake. In addition, 18 women (including those postmenopausal) and 17 men were studied after intravenous administration of 20 mg frusemide. The response of A to orthostatism in women during luteal phase on normal sodium diet with or without frusemide was much greater than in men or women during follicular phase (p less than 0.01) or menopuase (p less than 0.05). However, no differences between groups could be observed in A response while on a low sodium diet. PRA response was similar during follicular of luteal phase fo the cycle as well as in men either on low or normal sodium intake with or without frusemide.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Valsartan and the kidney: review of preclinical and clinical data.

In both diabetic and nondiabetic renal disease, reducing blood pressure with antihypertensive therapy has beneficial effects on renal function. The key role of the renin-angiotensin system in blood pressure and volume homeostasis has long been established, but its importance for the overall normal functioning of the kidney itself is also increasingly being recognized. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, widely and successfully used in the treatment of hypertension, may also provide renal protection independent of blood pressure reduction; however, their relatively nonspecific mode of action in blocking an early metabolic step entails major clinical disadvantages, such as accumulation of bradykinin and substance P, that may cause the characteristic ACE-inhibitor side effects of persistent dry cough and, more rarely, angioneurotic edema. Angiotensin II antagonists or receptor blockers, a new class of antihypertensive agent, selectively antagonize the AT1 receptor subtype and, because of greater specificity, do not give rise to the side effects associated with ACE inhibitors. More important, these new drugs may have mechanistic advantages over other antihypertensives, including ACE inhibitors.

Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microalbuminuria.

The capacity of microalbuminuria to predict an increased cardiovascular and renal risk is well established in diabetic patients, as well as in essential hypertensive patients and in general population. Detection of microalbuminuria could then be relevant to select specific therapeutic strategies for reducing or preventing cardiovascular events in patients with essential hypertension. Microalbuminuria is detectable in almost 40% of the population with established hypertension, particularly in those patients not controlled satisfactorily with medical therapy. Albuminuria may represent a marker of renal damage and cardiovascular risk in essential hypertension. Microalbuminuria seems to represent a simple and reproducible method to better define cardiovascular risk profile in the hypertensive patient and to stratify the prognosis in relation to renal and cardiovascular risk. ACE-inhibitors and more recently angiotensin II receptor antagonists seem to exhibit a more market capacity to reduce microalbuminuria in patients with essential hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Determination of this parameter in daily clinical practice could facilitate the stratification of risk as well as the choice of therapy in essential hypertensive patients.

Albuminuria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Renal surrogates in essential hypertension.

The kidney can be considered both as culprit and victim in the hypertensive process. Renal functional derangement contributes to the development of arterial hypertension and the development of secondary vascular damage both at the glomerular and arteriolar level accounts for the development of progressive nephrosclerosis. The most common alteration of renal function observed in humans since the early stages of essential hypertension is the presence of renal vasoconstriction. This can be accompanied by the appearance of hyperuricemia, increased urinary excretion of enzymes such as N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase and of proteins like albumin and beta2-microglobulin. Later on, a progressive fall in glomerular filtration rate accompanied or not by proteinuria can be observed if high blood pressure persists.

Albuminuria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of renal disease in elderly hypertensive patients with cardiovascular problems.

Renal vascular damage caused by arterial hypertension participates in the alterations to systemic vascular function and structure. Nephrosclerosis seems to run in parallel with systemic atherosclerosis, which accounts for the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality seen in hypertensive patients. Parameters indicating the existence of an alteration in renal function (increased serum creatinine, proteinuria and microalbuminuria) are independent predictors for an increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hence, parameters of renal function have to be considered in any stratification of cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients.

Aged↗