The properties of the Sendai virus ribonucleoproteins involved in genome transcription in infected cells.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
L M Selimova
Publications and source records attributed to L M Selimova.
[HIV-1 subtypes in Russia in 1987-1988].
The subtyping of 350 isolates of HIV-1, isolated on the territories of 38 subjects of the Russian Federation, was carried out. The analysis was made by the method of the comparative heteroduplex mobility assay, as well as by the determination of the sequence of genes env [correction of ens] (gp 120) and gag (p17-p24). The study revealed that more than 50% of all cases of HIV-1 infection were caused by closely related variants of subtype A virus. The number of cases of HIV-1 infection caused by recombinant virus A/B was not less than 25%. The total number of cases caused by viruses of subtypes C, D, E, F and H was not more than 5%.
Base Sequence↗
[Recombinant human immunodeficiency viruses].
Three types of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus have been found to circulate in Russia. The first type of the virus belongs to genotype gagAenvB, the second type belongs to genotype gagDenvG and the third type, to genotype gagAenvE. The virus of genotype gagAenvB circUlates in the population of drug addicts simultaneously with its "parent" viruses of genotypes gagAenvA and gagBenvB. The recombinant variant gagDenvG has African origin. The recombinant variant gagAenvE has probably been imported to Russia from South-East Asia.
Genes, env↗
[Genetic characteristics of variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, causing an epidemic among substance abusers in Commonwealth of Independent States countries].
Gag/env nucleotide sequences of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants detected in drug users in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus are analyzed. Two HIV-1 subtypes A and B circulate in this risk group. Genetic variability within one subtype is no higher than 3.1 and 3.9% for gag and env genes, respectively, suggesting the same source of infection in populations of drug users infected with the same subtype. Recombinant viruses with gagAenvB genotype, genetically related to parental strains of subtypes A and B, circulate in this risk group. This is the first report about HIV-1 recombinant of the two subtypes, for which both parental strains are known, directly confirming the in vivo recombination between different subtypes.
Commonwealth of Independent States↗
[Molecular-epidemiological characteristics of basic foci of the HIV epidemic among substance abusers in Russia].
A serological test has been developed, allowing a rapid and reliable differentiation between envA and envB genotypes in the sera from HIV-1-infected IDUs and their sexual partners. We analyzed 556 specimens from HIV-1-seropositive IDUs and their sexual partners. The sera were collected in five regions of Russia with the greatest number of HIV-1-infected IDUs. High homogeneity of HIV-1 in each of the regions was observed. In Tver, Rostov-on-Don, Nizhny Novgorod, and Krasnodar 100% sera tested belonged to the env subtype A. All the patients from the Kalinigrad region were infected with the env subtype B virus, which is apparently a recombinant.
Gene Products, env↗
[A genetic analysis of variants of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) circulating among drug abusers in Moscow and Moscow Province].
The genetic analysis of the variants of human immunodeficiency virus of type 1 (HIV-1), circulating among drug addicts in Moscow and Moscow Province, has been carried out. The serological analysis of 122 blood specimens taken from HIV-infected drug addicts, residing in Moscow and 22 settlements of the Moscow region, has shown that in this region HIV-1 variant of subtype A spreads among drug addicts. These data have been confirmed by the results of the analysis of 44 specimens, made with the use of the method of the heteroduplex mobility assay for gene env. As revealed in this study, HIV-1 variants spreading at present among drug addicts in Moscow and the Moscow region are genetically related to viruses of subtype A, detected earlier in this group of risk in other regions of Russia, the Ukraine, Belarus and other countries of Eastern Europe.
Base Sequence↗
[Nucleotide sequence of gag and env genes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, found in Russia: detection of new recombinant variants].
Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of gag and env genes of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) variants isolated from individuals infected through sexual intercourse or nosocomially (by injections with nonsterile syringes) showed that 5 of 27 (18.5%) isolated strains were recombinants. Two viruses found in the Russian Far East had gagAenvE genotype, three other recombinants had envG genotype; gag gene of one isolate belonged to subtype A and gag genes of two others belonged to subtype D. Detection of new recombinant variants in addition to the A/B recombinant described previously shows that these viruses can contribute to the HIV-1 genetic variability in Russia.
Female↗
[Persistence of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in MT-4 cells in presence of alpha-interferon].
The development of HIV infection during serial passages of HIV-1 strains with different replication capacity was studied in the presence of natural human alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha). The virus activity was evaluated by accumulation of virus-specific proteins in cells and culture fluid, determined by Western blot method and analysis of viral DNA in the cells by polymerase chain reaction. IFN-alpha suppressed replication of HIV-1/IIIB and 1974. The replication of strain 1974 (with a 10-fold lower replicative activity than strain IIIB) was inhibited during the first passage and of strain IIIb during the second passage. After the fourth passage IFN-2 alpha completely suppressed the replication of strain 1974, and the virus activity did not manifest after 4 consecutive co-culturings of cells from fourth viral passage with intact cells without IFN-alpha. A population of viral particles whose replicative activity was virtually undetected in the presence of IFN-alpha seemed to persist during serial passages of strain IIIB in MT-4 cells. On the other hand, the virus replication was restored during the first co-culturing of cells from the virus subculture with intact cells in the absence of IFN-alpha. Presumably, an increase in the level of IFN-alpha in the blood of HIV-infected patients at late stages of AIDS is not accidental and is caused by appearance of more virulent variants of the virus.
Antiviral Agents↗
[Analysis of gag gene subtypes of HIV-1 variants isolated in Russia by comparative assessment of heteroduplex electrophoretic mobility].
Using heteroduplex mobility assay modified for gag gene analysis (HMA-gag), 37 HIV-1 samples previously genotyped by gag and env nucleotide sequencing were studied. It has been demonstrated that both sensitivity and specificity of HMA-gag were 100%. The gag gene region derived from 20 env subtype A HIV-1 isolates was analyzed by this method. AG recombinant, representing a circulating recombinant form of HIV-1 (AGlbNG) was found among five HIV-1 strains isolated from patients infected through heterosexual contacts in Russia. No novel recombinant forms were found among fifteen HIV-1 variants infected from drug users in 7 cities of Russia. The proposed HMA-gag method extends the potentialities of investigating the genetic variability of HIV-1 and in combination with the previously proposed method for env gene is a convenient approach to search for recombinant forms of this virus.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
[Molecular and epidemiologic characteristics of HIV-infection outbreak in the Irkutsk region].
The genetic analysis of the variants of human immunodeficiency virus of type 1 (HIV-I) circulating among drug addicts in the Irkutsk region was carried out. The results of serological tests and comparative evaluation of electrophoretic mobility of heteroduplexes (HMA) revealed that all 74 samples under study belonged to subtype A. Genetic differences between these viruses did not exceed 2%. Thus, it was the variant of subtype A prevalent in CIS countries which caused the outbreak of HIV infection among drug addicts in the Irkutsk region, but not viruses of subtypes B, C or A/E typical for this risk group in relatively nearby China.
Disease Outbreaks↗
[Anti-interferon activity of peripheral blood leukocytes in patients infected with HIV-1].
The study was aimed at anti-interferon activity of different components of the in vitro system cells MT-4--HIV-1 as well as the culture fluid of peripheral blood leukocytes from patients at different stages of HIV infection and from patients with mixed infection (HIV and chronic hepatitis C) in comparison with patients infected with hepatitis C virus alone and healthy persons. Anti-interferon activity was detected in all groups of patients, its detection rate varying within 33% and 68%. The tendency towards increased detection rate of anti-interferon activity in HIV-infected patients in parallel with decreased number of CD4+ lymphocytes was noted. These data made it possible to suggest that increased detection rate of anti-interferon activity in the culture fluid of peripheral blood leukocytes from HIV-infected patients in parallel with decreased number of CD4+ lymphocytes could result from pathogenetic processes in the body, leading to a decrease in therapy effectiveness of HIV-infected patients with the preparations of alpha-interferon, especially in patients with a low content of CD4+ cells.
Antiviral Agents↗
[Effect of heroin-containing substances on the infectivity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro].
At room temperature, HIV-1 IIIB is shown to remain infectious in a dose of 25 mg/ml of heroin solution for more than 8 days. The large batch of HIV-1-contaminated heroin solution may therefore remain infectious for a long period sufficient for transportation, packing, and sale in any area of Russia. At the same time 41-day incubation under the same conditions caused a complete loss of viral infectivity. Under certain conditions (the concentration of MT-4 cells being less than 2 x 105 cells/ml and the multiplicity of infection, less than 0.01 ID50/cell), heroin was demonstrated to be able to increase HIV-1 replication at the early stages of its life cycle. The findings should be borne in mind in elaborating measures to prevent the spread of HIV-1 among intravenous psychoactive drug users.
Cell Line↗
[Effect of home-made narcotics on infectious activity of HIV-1].
The stability of human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1), strain IIIB, was studied in liquid preparations of homemade drugs. The "Vint" preparation (containing Methamphetamine and obtained from Ephedrine) as well as "Khanka" (a liquid surrogate opiate made from poppy straw) were analyzed within the case study. HIV-1/IIIB was shown to maintain its infectious activity in "Khanka" at room temperature for least 7 days. The HIV-1 activity in neutralized "Vint" did not essentially change after a 30-minute incubation at pH 7.0. While an incubation in the acid "Vint" solution entailed a more rapidly decreasing activity. However, the virus infection ability preserved during the entire time period, during which the drug was fit for injections, i.e. for 30 minutes at room temperature or for 20 hours at 4 degrees C. Therefore, the infection virus could well preserve in the "Khanka" and "Vint" solutions after its entry, with infected blood, of large volumes of the discussed drugs. The mentioned big volumes of HIV-1 contaminated drugs, shared later into ready-to-use portions, could be the cause for HIV-1 dissemination among those who practice the parenteral administration of these substances. Besides, "Khanka" was shown to have little or no effect on the virus replication to cell culture MT-4. Its presence brought about an insignificant 1.5-fold increase in the viral stock (observed on days 2 and 3 after contamination) only when 2 x 10(5) MT-4 cells per ml and HIV-1/IIIB TCID 50 0.005 were used.
Anti-HIV Agents↗
[Variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, detected in Russia among those infected by the sexual route].
We analyzed 52 blood samples obtained independently from among individuals, who had never practiced the intravenous administration of drugs, for the purpose of detecting the subtypes of HIV-1 that circulated during 1999-2002. The study materials were analyzed by the methods of gag/env heteroduplex mobility assay and by env gp120 C2-V3 sequencing. Four viral subtypes (A,B,C and G) and a recombinant gagA/envB were detected in subjects contaminated through heterosexual contacts. Noteworthily, HIV-1 variations of subtype A, which were found in 22 (73.3%) of 30 analyzed samples, were predominant in this risk group. An analysis of nucleotide sequences exposed a high degree of homology between the viruses, detected previously among drug-addicts, and the isolates detected by us in subjects contaminated heterosexually. However, HIV-1, subtype B, detected by us in all 16 studied cases, still continue to circulate among the males infected through homosexual contacts with men.
Adolescent↗
[Biological properties of HIV-1 variants circulating among drug users in Russia].
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants belonging to subtype A, as well as recombinant gaga/engvB variants, derived from HIV-infected patients living in the Moscow and Perm Regions, were isolated and characterized. Intravenous administration of psychoactive drugs was a major risk factor of the infection for all the patients. All the examined isolates of HIV-1 types A and A/B were shown to be characterized by a low virus-specific activity and to be used as secondary CCR5 and CXCR4 protein receptors. The findings suggest that the domination of subtype A variant in this risk group is unassociated with fundamental differences in biological properties between the isolates of this subtype and recombinant viruses.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Synthesis of virus-specific macromolecules and virion maturation in chick embryo cells infected with Sendai virus].
Synthesis and accumulation of virus-specific RNA, proteins and intracellular nucleocapsids are observed in Sendai virus-infected chick embryo cells for approximately 2 days postinfection. However, only an insignificant part of these products leaves the cell as a result of maturation of virus particles. It is suggested that the cause of the ineffective maturation of virions in the system under study may be in the observed instability of one of virus structural proteins in the infected cells, M protein. Some other suggestions on the mechanisms of nonpermissiveness of paramyxovirus systems expressed in literature earlier are also discussed.
Animals↗
[Protein metabolism in chick embryo cells infected with Sendai virus].
Inocluation of chick fibroblasts with Sendai virus results in a significant increase of protein synthesis. In cytoplasmic extracts of infected cells the content of polyribosomes increased and that of free (nontranslating) 80S ribosomes decreased, the "additional" polysomes of the infected cells being involved in protein synthesis. The portion of virus-specific protein synthesis in the infected cells was about 40% of the total protein synthesis. This means that with the total increase of protein synthesis 2-fold and (in some experiments) higher, the summary synthesis of cell proteins proper is not inhibited (possibly, it is slightly increased). Quite effective synthesis of virus-specific proteins for a comparatively long period after infection and ineffective maturation of virions eventually lead to a rather considerable accumulation of virus-specific proteins in the infected cells. The total content of protein in samples prepared 2 days after infection is approximately 1-1/2 as high as in uninfected samples.
Animals↗
[A comparison of 2 T-lymphoid cell lines persistently infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) with different productive capacities].
T-lymphoid cell lines (H9/CBL-4 and CEM/CBL-4) persistently infected with HIV-1 were observed simultaneously for 6.5 months. The virus activity was characterized by such parameters as the number of infected cells determined by fluorescent antibody technique, the total level of virus--specific protein synthesis determined by immune blotting method, and the capacity to infect H9 and CEM cells. A comparative analysis of the two cell lines helped define the evaluation criteria for high and low productivity cultures. It was shown that a short-term virus persistence could exist in high-productivity cultures and long-term persistence in low-productivity cultures. The cytopathic activity of virus in cultures could be judged by accumulation of virus protein p24 in cell-free supernatants, this being one of the factors defining the efficacy of infection of H9 and CEM T-lymphoid cells.
Cell Line↗