Biomedical subjects

L M Stein

Publications and source records attributed to L M Stein.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

[Development children's eating behavior]

OBJECTIVES: Review the literature, exploring factors that contribute to the development of children's eating behavior such as the role of learning and social context. METHODS: The review of the literature was done using Medline, Psyclit, and Lilacs as resources for assessing international and national research articles on child nutrition, with an emphasis on children's eating behavior. These articles were revised and grouped together according to the topic. RESULTS: Family is responsible for the development of children's eating behavior through social learning. Parents are children's first nutritional educators. Children's eating experiences are influenced by cultural and psychosocial factors. Social context plays a relevant role in this process, especially through the strategies used by parents to encourage children to have a balanced diet and to eat specific foods. These strategies may contain adequate and inadequate stimuli as to the development of children's food preference and food intake self-control. CONCLUSION: The learning process is a determining factor for children's eating behavior, and is associated with three factors: food flavor conditioning, food postingestional consequences, and social context. Parents are deeply concerned with the amount of food their children eat and not with the development of more adequate habits and attitudes related to dietary quality.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1998

On the development of conscious and unconscious memory.

The distinction between conscious and unconscious memory, which is central to modern theories of cognition, has received only limited scrutiny in developmental research. One reason is a need for developmental methodologies that allow age variability in conscious and unconscious memory to be quantified. A simple paradigm (called conjoint recognition) and model are presented that quantify conscious and unconscious memory for learned materials and for the types of unlearned materials that have been found to induce false memories in children. A validation study showed that the model gave excellent accounts of the performance of 7- and 10-year-olds and that conscious and unconscious memory parameters reacted in appropriate ways to 3 manipulations (age, meaningfulness of distractors and targets, and priming).

Child↗

PubMed1993

Hearing impairment and psychosis.

The study explores the relationship between hearing impairment and psychotic illness in twenty hospitalized patients (aged 55-77) using as controls twenty age-matched community-based older subjects with no psychiatric illness. All subjects received full psychiatric evaluations and comprehensive audiologic assessments. Data were analyzed by discriminant analysis and ANOVA. Experimental subjects were found to have significantly poorer unilateral pure tone averages (PTA) and significantly poorer bilateral speech discrimination ability than control subjects. Patients with a mood disorder had poorer unilateral PTAs than controls, but did not exhibit significantly poorer speech discrimination. Subjects with specifically paranoid ideation were found to have significantly better left ear speech discrimination than nonparanoid subjects. Our data suggest that hearing impairment should possibly be considered a potential risk factor for the development of psychosis in the elderly.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Early administration of corticosteroids in emergency room treatment of acute asthma.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of early administration of high-dose intravenous corticosteroids on duration of emergency room treatment and hospital admission rate in patients with acute asthma. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: The emergency room of a large, urban hospital with primary and referral care responsibilities. PATIENTS: Eighty-one patients from 18 to 45 years of age with acute bronchial asthma and without pneumonitis or other serious underlying illnesses were studied on 91 occasions and were randomly assigned to control or experimental groups. INTERVENTIONS: The steroid group received 125 mg of intravenous methylprednisolone whereas the control group received intravenous normal saline 30 minutes after initial treatment. Additional treatment included aerosolized metaproterenol and oral theophylline therapy. Six hours after study entry, remaining patients were treated with 40 mg of intravenous methylprednisolone. Hospitalization was mandatory if total treatment time was greater than 12 hours. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Age, sex, peak expiratory flow at entry, and prevalence of recent corticosteroids use were similar in both groups. Duration of emergency room treatment was 6.7 +/- 4.2 (SD) hours in the steroid group and 6.3 +/- 4.1 hours in the control group (P = 0.66). Hospitalization was necessary in 18% (95% CI, 7% to 30%) of the steroid group and in 13% (CI, 3% to 22%) of the control group. Frequency of return visits for acute asthma 2 days after emergency room discharge was 11% (CI, -1% to 22%) in the steroid group and 13% (CI, 2% to 23%) in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: These results fail to show any benefit for early administration of corticosteroids in patients with acute asthma. Routine administration of corticosteroids on initial presentation in such patients may not be warranted.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Health care delivery to farmworkers in the Southwest: an innovative nursing clinic.

The migrant and seasonal farmworkers of the United States constitute a medically underserved population with many health care needs. Barriers to health care among farmworker families include financial constraints, cultural factors, restrictive labor practices, and absence of accessible clinics in rural areas. The Migrant Health Outreach Program is a federally funded mobile nursing clinic created to deliver health care to farmworkers where they live and work. The Migrant Health Outreach Team, composed of family nurse practitioners, registered nurses, and health care workers, offers primary care including health care maintenance and treatment of acute and chronic illness. The mobile nursing clinic serves the target population of farmworkers as a successful alternative to a traditional medical clinic.

Adolescent↗