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Biomedical subjects

L M Vincent

Publications and source records attributed to L M Vincent.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Renal ultrasonographic correlates of acute pyelonephritis.

To determine the frequency and clinical significance of ultrasonographically detectable alterations in renal volume and anatomy that are associated with acute pyelonephritis, 25 women underwent renal ultrasonography during the acute phase of their illness, and 21 of these patients underwent the procedure after receiving antimicrobial therapy. One patient had a predisposing anatomic abnormality (4%; 95% confidence interval, 0-12%), and one patient each (8%; 95% confidence interval, 0-19%) experienced focal complications (an intrarenal mass and perinephric fluid collection). The kidneys of the 21 evaluable patients were acutely swollen (mean, 20%; P = .0001); one or both kidneys were enlarged by greater than or equal to 15% in 17 (81%). Acute renal enlargement was associated with protracted pretherapy symptoms (P less than .01), leukocytosis (P less than .01), focal infectious complications (P less than .01), and prolonged hospitalization (P less than .05). Thus, ultrasonographically demonstrable renal swelling characteristically occurs in women with acute pyelonephritis but is usually apparent only in retrospect. The degree of swelling correlates with selected clinical parameters, and the frequency of underlying anatomic abnormalities and focal infectious complications is low.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Pelvic inflammatory disease. Endovaginal sonography with laparoscopic correlation.

We correlated endo-vaginal ultrasound (EVUS) results with laparoscopic findings in 16 patients with operatively confirmed acute pelvic inflammatory disease to evaluate the sensitivity and accuracy of EVUS for identification of uterine and adnexal pathology. Laparoscopy confirmed prospective sonographic abnormalities in 25 of 27 inflamed fallopian tubes (sensitivity, 93%) and in 19 of 21 ovaries with peri-ovarian inflammation (sensitivity, 90%). Overall accuracy for EVUS prediction of peri-ovarian or tubal disease was 91% and 93%, respectively. However, EVUS was less sensitive to uterine abnormalities and detected inflammatory changes in only three of 12 confirmed cases (25%). EVUS also failed to demonstrate small quantities of purulent fluid (less than 20 cc) in the pelvic cul-de-sac in six of nine cases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

The caduceus.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Emblems and Insignia↗
PubMed1988

Yolk sac calcification: a sonographic finding associated with intrauterine embryonic demise in the first trimester.

Two cases of the sonographic demonstration of yolk sac calcification associated with first-trimester intrauterine embryonic demise are reported. Histologic verification was obtained in one case. Yolk sac calcification may reflect typical dystrophic changes or be more specifically related to a yolk sac calcium-binding protein. Awareness of this sonographic finding--which the authors believe to be previously undescribed--may prevent diagnostic errors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Suspected leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm: use of sonography in the emergency room.

To determine the value of sonography in the emergent evaluation of suspected leaking abdominal aortic aneurysms, the authors examined 60 patients in the emergency department using sonography and a protocol involving advance radio notification from the ambulance; arrival of sonographic personnel and equipment in the triage room before patient arrival; and, during other triage activities, rapid sonographic evaluation of the aorta for aneurysm and of the paraaortic region for extraluminal blood. Sonographic findings were correlated with surgical results and clinical outcome. When performed under these circumstances, sonography was accurate in demonstrating presence or absence of aneurysm (98%), but its sensitivity for extraluminal blood was poor (4%). A combination of sonographic confirmation of aneurysm, abdominal pain, and unstable hemodynamic condition resulted in the correct decision to perform emergent surgery in 21 of 22 patients (95%). An abbreviated sonographic examination done in the emergency room can provide accurate, useful information about the presence of aneurysm; this procedure does not significantly delay triage of these patients.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1988

Ultrasound of soft tissue abnormalities of the extremities.

Ultrasound may be the preferred initial diagnostic modality for the painful swollen extremity, the palpable extremity mass, and the injured extremity. The role of ultrasound in extremity soft tissue abnormalities, including muscle hemorrhage and injury, inflammatory processes, and soft tissue neoplasms, is the subject of this review.

Abscess↗
PubMed1987

The influence of age and gender on left ventricular response to supine exercise in asymptomatic normal subjects.

The performance of normal subjects during radionuclide ventriculography has been related to age, but the combined effects of age and sex on exercise ventricular function are not well described. We studied 55 normal volunteers, 27 men (age = 30 +/- 10 years) and 28 women (age = 33 +/- 14 years), free of chest pain syndromes, during supine rest/exercise radionuclide ventriculography performed to fatigue. Resting left ventricular ejection fraction did not differ between male and female subjects (64 +/- 5.4 vs 64 +/- 6.1; p = NS). Both the peak left ventricular ejection fraction (78 +/- 4.4 vs 72 +/- 9.2; p less than 0.001) and the change in ejection fraction with exercise (14 +/- 4.0 vs 7.9 +/- 7.0; p less than 0.001) were significantly greater in men compared to respective values in women. Regression analysis showed that sex (r = 0.51; p less than 0.001) but not age (r = -0.18; p = 0.19) was a significant predictor of change in ejection fraction with exercise. Data on left ventricular volume response to exercise, available in 43 subjects, revealed that men had a greater percentage of decline in end-systolic volume with exercise than women (-47 +/- 15 vs -24 +/- 26; p less than 0.001). It is concluded that sex exerts a significant influence on normal left ventricular response to fatigue-limited supine exercise and that the gender difference is mediated, in part, by left ventricular end-systolic volume response to exercise.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Ozone exposure increases respiratory epithelial permeability in humans.

Ozone is a respiratory irritant that has been shown to cause an increase in the permeability of the respiratory epithelium in animals. We used inhaled aerosolized 99mTc-labeled diethylene triamine pentacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) to investigate whether human respiratory epithelial permeability is similarly affected by exposure to ozone. In a randomized, crossover double-blinded study, 8 healthy, nonsmoking young men were exposed for 2 h to purified air and 0.4 ppm ozone while performing intermittent high intensity treadmill exercise (minute ventilation = 66.8 L/min). SRaw and FVC were measured before and at the end of exposures. Seventy-five minutes after the exposures, the pulmonary clearance of 99mTc-DTPA was measured by sequential posterior lung imaging with a computer-assisted gamma camera. Ozone exposure caused respiratory symptoms in all 8 subjects and was associated with a 14 +/- 2.8% (mean +/- SEM) decrement in FVC (p less than 0.001) and a 71 +/- 22% increase in SRaw (p = 0.04). Compared with the air exposure day, 7 of the 8 subjects showed increased 99mTc-DTPA clearance after the ozone exposure, with the mean value increasing from 0.59 +/- 0.08 to 1.75 +/- 0.43%/min (p = 0.03). These data show that ozone exposure sufficient to produce decrements in the pulmonary function of human subjects also causes an increase in 99mTc-DTPA clearance.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Extramedullary hematopoiesis. Demonstration by transmission and emission computed tomography.

Extramedullary hematopoiesis occurring in the thorax is a well-known complication of a number of various blood dyscrasias, and its appearance with planar Tc-99m sulfur colloid marrow scintigraphy and transmission computed tomography (CT) has been described previously. The authors present a case of thoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis evaluated by CT and emission computed tomography (ECT).

Abdomen↗
PubMed1986

Age-related loss of bone mineral density in non-athletic and athletic women.

Single and dual photon absorptiometry were performed at the mid-radius, distal radius and lumbar spine in 1105 non-athletic and 124 athletic Caucasian women aged 18-98 years. An age-related loss of bone mineral density in mg/cm2 (BMD) occurred at the three skeletal sites. It was first demonstrated that a single break in the regression line (BMD versus Age) best fit the data. The break represented the approximate age at which an increase in the rate of bone density loss occurred. This break is termed the 'cutpoint'. The approximate (average) age at which the cutpoint occurred was determined by segmented regression analysis with bone density as the dependent variable. The age range studied was between 45 and 55 years. At all three bone sites, the cutpoints in non-athletic women occurred between 47 and 52 years of age, corresponding roughly to the time of menopause. Following this cutpoint the rate of bone loss increased at all three locations in non-athletic women. In athletic women no cutpoint in BMD values could be demonstrated for this age range for the two radial sites. The number of lumbar spine measurements in this group was too small for analysis. The absence of a significant change in rate of bone loss in athletes could have been due to the relatively small number of subjects. It could also suggest that regular sustained exercise programs may delay or minimize the increased rate of loss of BMD which occurs in non-athletic women in the perimenopausal period.

Adolescent↗