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Biomedical subjects

L Marchand

Publications and source records attributed to L Marchand.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Mental dysfunction: a clinical pilot project in the elderly.

In recognizing that there will be an increase in the number of individuals with dementing illnesses well into the next century, the authors show how one institution is coping with this problem today. The authors outline an innovative approach to admission and discharge planning and monitoring of patients with irreversible dementias and behavioral problems. Nurses and other team members need a mechanism (ie, a flow chart) to monitor behavior and plot progress within an individualized program designed to meet the needs of dementia patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Divergence and collateral axon branching in subsystems of visual cortical projections from the cat lateral posterior nucleus.

The projections from the lateral (LPl), intermediate (LPi) and medial (LPm) subdivisions of the cat lateral posterior nucleus (n. LP) to visual areas 17, the posteomedial (PMLS) and posterolateral (PLLS) lateral suprasylvian and anterior ectosylvian (AEV) were studied using the retrograde labeling technique following concomitant injections of fluorescent dyes (Fast blue, Nuclear yellow, Evans blue and Rhodamine beta-isothiocyanate) into the different cortical loci. The results showed a medial-lateral topographical reversal of the visual n. LP-cortical connections: The ventral portion of LPl projects to area 17 whereas more dorsolateral regions of LPl and lateral LPi provide input to PMLS. Cells in medial LPi project mainly to the PLLS cortex and AEV receives afferents from the LPm. Areas of overlap were identified within the ventral LPl which projects to both area 17 and PMLS and within the LPi/LPm border region at the origin of connections to both PLLS and AEV. Furthermore, some single neurons within the areas of overlap were found to be double-labeled indicating divergent projections to their respective cortical targets via collateral axon branching. The data show that divergence and axonal branching are common features of the different n.LP-visual cortical subsystems and support the notion of the existence of families of thalamo-cortical systems which are distinct in their connection patterns and underlying functional properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Projections of the dorsolateral anterior complex and adjacent thalamic nuclei upon the visual Wulst in the pigeon.

The distinctive patterns of thalamic input to the rostral (R), intermediate (I) and caudal (C) divisions of the pigeon Wulst were determined using the retrograde multiple label technique following concomitant injections of various fluorescent tracers into different Wulst loci. The results showed topographical projections from components of the visual thalamic n. dorsolateralis anterior complex. Major ipsilateral and contralateral projections upon the R and I Wulst stem from the pars lateralis ventralis and dorsalis nuclei, respectively. The nuclei pars lateralis rostralis, pars magnocellularis and n. suprarotundus provide weak bilateral projections to all of the Wulst divisions sampled. Lastly, bilateral connections from the n. superficialis parvocellularis upon I and C, and from n. dorsolateralis posterior upon the posterior C Wulst were also demonstrated. Based upon their patterns of terminal distribution upon the Wulst, some of these thalamic nuclei are compared to specific components of the mammalian geniculate and extrageniculate visual systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Fate of alpha-1,4-glucosidases and cathepsin D in the rat epididymis after vasectomy.

Short-term vasectomy was studied in adult male rats in order to ascertain whether cytosolic or lysosomal hydrolases were differently affected 100 days after vas ligation. The secretory form of alpha-1,4-glucosidase remained unchanged while the lysosomal form of the enzyme and also cathepsin D increased in the cytosol of both caput and cauda epididymis. This set of data demonstrates for the first time that a triggering mechanism which stimulates lysosomal activity is present all along the rat epididymis. Disposal of the continuous influx of spermatozoa from the testis could therefore require both an active and a passive process.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Scintigraphic evaluation of renal function after extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy.

We evaluated renal function within 48 hours after extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) as well as 1 month and up to 6 months later employing technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid and iodine-131-labelled ortho-iodohippurate. All 17 patients displayed abnormal renal function immediately after ESWL. The abnormalities identified included focal cortical lesions, diffuse reduction of renal function, increased kidney volume, and diffusely and focally increased parenchymal transit times. The follow-up scintigraphic studies indicated that the great majority of the lesions had been temporary.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Acute effect of protein or carbohydrate breakfasts on human cerebrospinal fluid monoamine precursor and metabolite levels.

Patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus who had three lumbar punctures during 1 week ingested either water, a protein breakfast, or a carbohydrate breakfast 2.5 h before each of the lumbar punctures. The CSF was analyzed for biogenic amine precursors and metabolites. The protein meal raised CSF tyrosine levels, a finding consistent with animal data, but did not alter those of tryptophan or any of the biogenic amine metabolites. The carbohydrate meal increased CSF 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol, an unexplained finding. The carbohydrate meal did not affect CSF tryptophan, tyrosine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, or homovanillic acid. Our results support the idea that in humans protein or carbohydrate meals do not alter plasma amino acid levels sufficiently to cause appreciable changes in CNS tryptophan levels or 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis.

Dietary Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1986

A reproducible radionuclide procedure for measurement of cerebrospinal fluid shunt flow.

A radionuclide technique was developed to obtain reproducible measurements of cerebrospinal fluid flow in Rickham-Holter type shunt systems. In attempting to reproduce previously described radionuclide procedures, we found that different flow rate measurements can be obtained simply by changing the radiotracer injection technique or the method of analysis of the time activity curves which are generated. The importance of these technical pitfalls cannot be over-emphasized, since there is no gold standard to evaluate cerebrospinal fluid flow in vivo. An experimental model with a calibrated Harvard pump and a shunt system filled with normal saline was constructed. Aliquots of 500 microCi of pertechnetate in 0.05 ml of saline were injected serially into the center of Rickham reservoir using a size 28 needle. Time-activity curves were obtained after waiting five min to reach equilibrium, and standard curves of radiotracer clearance vs actual flow for each system used clinically in our institution were generated. In addition, a technique to quantify and thus correct for the small but significant leak of radiotracer which occurs at the site of injection in the reservoir is described. Excellent correlation was obtained between our results and the clinical and radiological findings in a preliminary clinical evaluation.

Cerebrospinal Fluid↗
PubMed1977

Parkinsonism--dementia complex, hydrocephalus and Paget's disease.

A 65-year-old female patient with Paget's disease displayed dementia, a bilateral Parkinsonian syndrome, gait ataxia, bilateral grasp reflex of the feet, urinary incontinence and a left hemicerebellar syndrome. She had a marked basilar impression; the radionuclide cisternogram was suggestive of a communicating hydrocephalus with ventricular dilatation. After a shunting procedure there was improvement in both neurological and mental function.

Aged↗