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Biomedical subjects

L Margolis

Publications and source records attributed to L Margolis.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Three dimensional comparison of blocked arcs vs. four and six field conformal treatment of the prostate.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare five different techniques for treatment the prostate without seminal vesicles. Dose volume histograms and a time survey are the tools that were used for this analysis. METHODS AND MATERIALS: For this study we compared 3D techniques using four and six field conformal treatments, to open and blocked 8 x 8 cm2 120 degrees bilateral arcs. All the plans were normalized to deliver 100% to the central axis, and full 3D calculations were performed. Blocked arcs were created using the 'average beam's eye view' (A-BEV) technique. RESULTS: Analysis of the dose volume histograms revealed: (1) Arcs with blocks result in an improved dose distribution compared to standard arcs and four field 3DCRT techniques, (2) The DVH associated with blocked arcs, using block margins of 1.3 cm, resulted in a somewhat lower dose to the rectum but a 'tighter' margin around the prostate compared to the DVH generated using the six field 3DCRT technique. CONCLUSION: This technique is for treatment of the prostate only, when treatment of the seminal vesicle is not required. The use of blocked arcs significantly improved the dose distribution compared to using standard arcs and 4-field conformal techniques. The DVHs associated with using blocked arcs is comparable to the SFC technique. It is likely to be less expensive, faster to set-up and may allow for safe dose escalation when only the prostate is receiving treatment.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Dye-coupling in three-dimensional histoculture of rat lingual frenulum.

A three-dimensional histoculture of wet stratified squamous epithelium of rat lingual frenulum was cultured on a liquid-air interface. The tissue retained its morphology for many days in culture. During this period the vast majority of the epithelial cells remained viable and exhibited dye (lucifer yellow) coupling in all living epithelial strata. Dye coupling was determined using two methods: the conventional intracellular injection method, and a new method--"cut-loading." In the cut-loading method, an incision is made in the epithelium in the presence of dye, and intracellular diffusion of dye throughout the epithelium was measured using confocal microscopy. The basolateral surface of the lingual frenulum also acted as a substrate for neuroblastoma cells to grow without exogenously added trophic factors. These neuroblastoma cells grow neurites that establish contacts with epithelial cells. This preparation can serve as a model for investigating interactions among epithelial cells and between nerves and epithelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Radiation pneumonitis following combined modality therapy for lung cancer: analysis of prognostic factors.

PURPOSE: To identify factors associated with radiation pneumonitis (RP) resulting from combined modality therapy (CMT) for lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Series published before 1994 that used CMT for the treatment of lung cancer and explicitly reported the incidence of RP are the basis for this analysis. Factors evaluated included the radiation dose per fraction (Fx), total radiation dose, fractionation scheme (split v continuous), type of chemotherapy and intended dose-intensity, overall treatment time, histology (small-cell lung cancer [SCLC] v non-small-cell lung cancer [NSCLC]), and treatment schedule (concurrent v induction, sequential, or alternating CMT). RESULTS: Twenty-four series, including 27 treatment groups and 1,911 assessable patients, met our criteria for inclusion in this analysis. The median total dose of radiation used in the trials analyzed was 50 Gy (range, 25 to 63 Gy). The median daily Fx used was 2.0 Gy (range, 1.5 to 4.0 Gy). Nineteen series included 22 treatment groups and 1,745 patients treated with single daily fractions. Among these patients, 136 received a daily Fx greater than 2.67 Gy. Five series used twice-daily radiotherapy and included 166 patients (Fx, 1.5 to 1.7 Gy). The incidence of RP was 7.8%. In a multivariate analysis, only daily Fx, number of daily fractions, and total dose were associated with the risk of RP (P < .0001, P < .018, and P < .003, respectively). CONCLUSION: In this analysis, the use of Fx greater than 2.67 Gy was the most significant factor associated with an increased risk of RP. High total dose also appears to be associated with an increased risk, but twice-daily irradiation seems to reduce the risk expected if the same total daily dose is given as a single fraction. High-Fx radiotherapy should be avoided in patients who receive CMT with curative intent.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1994

Review of Myxosporea of importance in salmonid fisheries and aquaculture in British Columbia.

Several myxosporean parasites are of importance in fisheries and aquaculture in British Columbia. The PKX organism and Ceratomyxa shasta Noble, 1950 cause disease and mortality, Kudoa thyrsites (Gilchrist, 1924) and Henneguya salminicola Ward, 1919 are of importance because they infect somatic muscle, cause unsightly cysts and soft flesh, and thus reduce the market value of the fish. Myxobolus arcticus Pugachev et Khokhlov, 1979, an apparently non-pathogenic species, along with H. salminicola, is used as a biological tag in fishery management. Myxobolus arcticus has also been used in our laboratory as a model for the study of myxosporean life cycles. Other myxosporeans that have been found in salmonids in British Columbia include Myxobolus squamalis (Iverson, 1954), Myxobolus insidiosus Wyatt et Pratt, 1963, Myxidium truttae Léger, 1930, Myxidium salvelini Shulman et Konovalov, 1966, Chloromyxum sp., Parvicapsula sp., and Sphaerospora sp.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Arrested development in a freshwater myxosporean, Myxidium salvelini, following transfer of its host, the sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), to sea water.

The duration of infections with Myxidium salvelini, a freshwater myxosporean, in the kidneys of anadromous sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) smolts from Cultus Lake, Fraser River system, British Columbia, was followed both in fresh water (FW) and in sea water (SW). The smolts were collected at the outlet of the lake as they migrated seaward, were subsequently held captive in M. salvelini-free FW or SW, and were sampled for presence of the parasite biweekly. Initial prevalence of infection was 80% or higher. In FW-held fish, spores were detectable over the 28-wk period of sampling, but the prevalence of infection with spores and prespore forms declined sharply after 22 wk. Nine weeks after the fish were transferred to SW, spores no longer were present but prespore forms continued to be present at high prevalences for up to 25 wk. SW-held fish were reacclimated to FW 4 wk after the last detection of spores. Spore production was resumed in this group of fish within 8 wk and continued for the next 5 wk, when the study was terminated. This indicates that M. salvelini persisted in an arrested prespore form during the SW holding period. This is the first report of arrested development in a prespore stage of a myxosporean. The physiological changes in the kidney that accompany migration of anadromous salmon from fresh to sea water likely inhibit spore production in M. salvelini. In FW salmonids, M. salvelini appears to have an annual life cycle.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Helminth parasites from North Pacific anadromous chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, established in New Zealand.

The following marine species of parasites are reported from the gastrointestinal tract of pre-spawning chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, taken in the Rakaia River, New Zealand: the digeneans Derogenes varicus, Lecithocladium seriolellae, Parahemiurus sp., and Tubulovesicula angusticauda; and a tetraphyllidean metacestode, possibly of the genus Phyllobothrium. A small larval nematode tentatively assigned to the genus Contracaceum was found in the intestine and may be either of marine or freshwater origin. All are species acquired in the new environment of the salmon, descendants of stock introduced from California.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Detection of infection and susceptibility of different Pacific salmon stocks (Oncorhynchus spp.) to the haemoflagellate Cryptobia salmositica.

The haematocrit centrifugation technique, modified by keeping the haematocrit tubes cold (between 1 and 10 C), was sensitive for detecting light infections of Cryptobia salmositica (as few as 75 flagellates per ml of blood). In wet mount preparations, infections lighter than 7.5 X 10(3) flagellates per ml of blood could not be detected consistently. Different Pacific salmon stocks from British Columbia demonstrated differences in susceptibility to C. salmositica in experimental studies using laboratory reared juvenile fish. Oncorhynchus keta and Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from the Big Qualicum River stocks (Vancouver Island), and Oncorhynchus nerka from the Fulton River stock (Skeena River system), were all equally susceptible and suffered high mortalities at low exposures (100 flagellates in 0.1 ml physiological saline inoculated intraperitoneally per fish). Oncorhynchus nerka from the Weaver Creek stock (Fraser River system) was the most resistant with no mortalities even at exposures of 10(6) flagellates (in 0.1 ml physiological saline) per fish. Oncorhynchus kisutch seemed to be slightly less resistant than the Weaver Creek O. nerka, but fewer than 16% of the inoculated fish died. Oncorhynchus kisutch from the Big Qualicum River seemed to be slightly more resistant than O. kisutch from the Capilano River stock (a coastal river near Vancouver), with fewer mortalities and lighter infections when the experiments were terminated. Differences in susceptibility are believed to be associated with innate, genetically transmitted resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Intramedullary tumor metastasis simulating radiation myelitis: report of a case.

A case of suspected radiation myelitis based on clinical history, previous irradiation, neurologic deficit in the irradiated volume, and normal myelogram is reported. At autopsy, intramedullary metastatic disease was found, but not radiation damage. All radiation details must be considered before making the diagnosis of radiation myelitis with confidence. It is important not to exclude other potentially helpful treatment, such as surgery or chemotherapy, by the presumptive diagnosis of radiation myelitis.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1981

Ocular reticulum cell sarcoma.

Three patients with ocular reticulum cell sarcoma underwent treatment with a combination of chemotherapy and irradiation. All three patients have survived an average of 36 months after treatment, significantly longer than would have been expected with radiation therapy alone. The chemotherapy appears to arrest the progression of central nervous system disease that eventually kills most patients with ocular reticulum cell sarcoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The role of radiation therapy in the management of ocular reticulum cell sarcoma.

Nine patients with ocular lymphomas were seen in the Department of Ophthalmology and the Division of Radiation Oncology at UCSF and Ralph K. Davies Medical Center, San Francisco, from 1978 through 1974. Six of the 9 patients had visual symptoms as the first manifestation of their disease. Eight of the 9 patients developed intracranial lymphoma at some time during the course of the disease. Despite lymphoma work-up including bone marrow biopsies and lymphangiogram, only 1 patient was found to have documented systemic involvement. The diagnosis of ocular lymphoma was based on pathologic material from the eye in 5 cases or from central nervous system biopsy in 4 patients in association with tumor cell infiltrates in the retina and vitreous clouding. Radiation therapy to the eyes improved vision in 10 of 13 eyes treated in 8 patients. The usual dose was in the range of 3500 to 4500 rads given over 4-5 weeks. In addition, 7 patients received central nervous system irradiation. Review of the literature reinforced the findings of this series showing the frequent association of ocular lymphoma with intracranial lymphoma and the rare systemic dissemination. This disease process has previously been referred to as ocular reticulum cell sarcoma.

Adult↗