PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L Marković

Publications and source records attributed to L Marković.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Activity and function of neurons in the globus pallidus in Parkinson's disease].

We investigated the activity and functional distribution of globus pallidus neurons in Parkinson's disease patients and recorded single cell activity of globus pallidus medialis and changes related to the movements of different joints in 31 patients during stereotactic ventral pallidotomy procedure. We showed that discharge rates of 19% of medial globus pallidus neurons were modulated by passive contralateral movements; 77.2% of these pallidal units showed changes related solely to single joint movement and 22.8% showed different patterns of activity in relation to two and more joints. We also identified somatotopically arranged cell clusters that alter the discharge rate with related movements; oro-facial movement-related cells in caudo-ventral region and, leg-related cells in dorso-rostral part and arm-related cells between these two parts of medial globus pallidus. These findings suggest a partial somatotopic organization of human globus pallidus medialis.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1996

[New findings on the morphology and motor function of basal ganglia].

This paper presents results of new investigations on morphology and motor function of basal ganglia, which point to the fact that their dimensions are individual and not correlated with the dimension of the corresponding hemisphere. Basal ganglia motor function is studied on the basis of disturbances which occur if they are damaged, both in sick people and experimental animals. Analysis of recorded single-neuron activity, in animals and in patients undergoing special surgical procedures, is especially instructive for understanding this function. According to new insights there are at least five multiple neuronal regions: motor, oculomotor, limbic, dorsolateral prefrontal and lateral orbitofrontal region. Morphologic and functional studies partly disagree in interpreting connections among these regions. On the basis of functional studies it is considered that parallelism and functional separation exist, while on the basis of morphologic studies it is considered that at the level of basal ganglia output convergence occurs. New insights speak about parallelism and convergence at the same time. It is thought that inside basal ganglia motor region there are two divided systems, direct and indirect, which direct the output impulses towards talamus. The direct leads to facilitation of cortically started movements, and the indirect to suppression of unwanted motor behavior. On the basis of literature data we can conclude that basal ganglia support cortically generated movements, participate in sequential movements, suppress unwanted motor activity and in altered circumstances stop the course of started motor sequences allowing new, adequate motor activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Clinical and immunologic effects of T-activin therapy in early stage melanoma patients.

We investigated the clinical and immunological effects of T-activin therapy in early stage melanoma patients. Several immune parameters (the number of T cells-E-RFC and CD3+, their subsets-CD4+ and CD8+, the number of CD38+ and CD16+ cells, and mitogen-induced lymphoproliferative response-LPR) were analyzed in relation to the clinical course of the disease in patients treated by T-activin in addition to the surgery (n = 8), and in control patients treated by the surgery alone (n = 9). Immunological tests were performed before therapy and one month after the last (6th) cycle of T-activin, i.e. six months after surgery in controls. The patients were followed-up from February 1991 to August 1995. Clinical evaluation showed that disease-free interval for observed period was similar in both groups of patients (17.5 and 13 months), while the survival time was longer in T-activin-treated patients than in controls (40 vs. 24 months), although this difference was not significant. The phenotyping analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes showed no changes of the pretreatment values of total T cells and their subpopulations regardless the clinical course of the disease in both groups of patients. The number of NK cells (CD16+) was significantly increased after T-activin therapy, but this increase was not associated with clinical benefit, since it was seen in patients with the progression of the disease. In control patients, the initial number of CD16+ cells did not change significantly, irrespective of the clinical course. The lymphoproliferative response increased significantly in 4 out of 5 T-activin-treated patients with the progression of the disease, while a slight increase of this lymphocyte function was seen in 3 disease-free patients. In patients treated by surgery alone, especially those with disease progression, the LPR was significantly decreased six months after tumor excision. These findings, although obtained in small number of patients, suggest an immunomodulatory action of T-activin therapy in early stage melanoma patients, which did not correlate with the clinical course of the disease. On the other hand, an almost doubled survival time in T-activin-treated patients in comparison to the controls, may indicate a possible effect of T-activin therapy on some other immune functions not evaluated in this study. Further investigations in a larger number of patients is needed for assessment of the true effectiveness of such therapy.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1995

[Morphologic characteristics of the gyrus cinguli vascular network].

Vascular network of gyrus cinguli has been examined in adult brains. This vascular network is extended in the form of a cone from lower to upper lip of Sulcus corporis calosi. The blood vessels in the area of lower lip and bottom of the Sulcus corporis calosi are oriented obliquely, almost parallel to cerebral cortex surface, while in the area of upper lip of sulcus are oriented perpendicularly to the cerebral cortex surface. Arteries in this area have few recurrent branches, while fountain shaped arteries are found infrequently. Shorter spiral arteries are found, too. Longer veins predominates in this area (V4 and V5). Drainage territories of certain veins are larger than irrigation territories of the appropriate arteries.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Morphologic characteristics of the vascular network in the striate area in humans].

The vascular network of the area striata consists of four vascular layers. The capillary network of the first vascular layer is completely filled only in some parts of the area striata. The capillary networks of second, third and fourth vascular layer have high density, although the capillary networks in border zones of each two adjacent cortical arteries have lower density. In the area striata the fountain-like arteries have been found, with some collateral branches dividing in fountain-like branches, too. In the brain of a 70 year old male we have found collateral branches initially twisted around its main trunk. The tangential sections of the area striata show the existence of vertically-oriented vascular units with centrally located venous vessel surrounded with one or two arterial rings.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Morphologic characteristics of the vascular network in the gyrus rectus in humans].

The objective of this research was to assess morphological features of gyrus rectus frontal cortex vascular network, regarding its laminar and columnar organization. In all researches adult brains were used. Blood vessels were injected by mixture of india ink and gelatine. After the fixation and embedding in paraffin, parts of cortex have been cut in series, tangentionally and perpendicularely in respect to the surface. Strictly defined vascular layers of gyrus rectus vascular network were not found. All types of arteries were present in the vascular network but A3 and A4 arteries were dominant. In the gyrus rectus the fountain-like arteries were found with some branches divided in fountain-like branches, too. Boreder zones of lower vascular density were found between capillary network of the two adjacent cortical arteries. All types of veins were found in the cortex but they were smaller in calibre. Vertically oriented vascular units were also found in gyrus rectus.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The morphologic characteristics of the vascular network of the middle and inferior temporal gyri and middle temporal visual area].

The vascular network of the anterior part of the middle and inferior temporal gyri consists of four vascular layers of which the third and fourth have the densest capillary network of the same density. There are all types of arteries in this cortex form A1 to A6 as well as all types of veins from V1 to V5. Fountain-like arteries usually branch into five to six terminal recurrent branches; we have found that there are about two of them in each serial section. The middle temporal visual area has the same features of the vascular network as the above mentioned gyri with one difference only: there are at least six fountain-like arteries in each serial section. The increased number of these arteries might point to a greater sensitivity of this area to hypoxic conditions. The tangential sections of these areas reveal the existence of vertically-oriented vascular units with a centrally located venous vessel surrounded by arterial rings.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Arterial vascularization of the amygdaloid body in man].

The arterial supply of the amygdaloid body was studied on 20 brains of adult individuals of both sexes. The middle cerebral and anterior choroidal artery were selectively injected with a mixture of India ink and 5% gelatin solution. By injecting the middle cerebral artery, we filled the blood vessels of the putamen, the lateral part of globus pallidus, the internal capsule, claustrum, insular cortex and the cortex of the convex side of the hemisphere, whereas the blood vessels of the amygdaloid body remained unfilled by the mixture. By injecting the anterior choroidal artery, the blood vessels of the medial part of globus pallidus and of the amygdaloid body were filled, except in one case, when the blood vessels were filled only in it's posterior part. Based on the results obtained, a conclusion may be drawn that the branches of the anterior choroidal artery play the main role in the amygdaloid body arterial supply.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1991

[Microvascularization of the human cerebral cortex during development].

Microvascularization of the brain cortex was investigated in 21 brains of human fetuses, from 15th to 25th postovulatory week and one adult human brain. Blood vessels injected with ink-gelatine solution were examined on preparations lighted by the Spalteholz method. In all examined stages of fetal development as well as in the adult brain a regular geometric arrangement of the blood vessels which radially penetrated the brain substance was observed. Centrally placed vascular trunk of bigger diameter surrounded by the blood vessels of smaller calibre was registered. On the basis of the obtained results it can be concluded that the vascularization of the brain cortex in all examined stages of the development follows the pattern of radially placed vascular units.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The role of the middle cerebral artery in the vascularization of the claustrum].

The claustrum is vascularized by 3 groups of arteries which come out of the middle cerebral artery. The first group of arteries reaches the claustrum through the limen of insula and vascularizes the anterior and ventral part of the claustrum, mostly. The second group of arteries reaches the claustrum through the cortex of insula, and vascularizes the dorsal part of the claustrum, mostly. The third group of arteries comes out of the lateral striated arteries and occasionally vascularizes the claustrum, only in the adult age. On the basis of our research, we think that the primary claustral arteries are the ones which reach the claustrum through the limen and cortex of insula and they take the lead in the vascularization of the claustrum. The arteries which come out of the lateral striated arteries, we consider as secondary claustral arteries, and their role in claustral vascularization is occasional and of small importance.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Stereological analysis of the vascular network of the ganglionic eminence and the corpus striatum during brain development in man].

A study of the volume density of the ganglionic eminence vascular network and the constituent parts of the corpus striatum was performed on 8 chosen foetal brains, which were well-injected with a mixture of India ink and gelatin, aged from 14-25 postovulatory weeks. The volume density of the ganglionic eminence vascular network amounts to 0.0209-0.0300 mm0, of the caudate nucleus to 0.0131-0.0181 mm0, of the putamen to 0.0136-0.0159 mm0, and of the globus pallidus to 0.0121-0.0159 mm0. The comparison of the results obtained, shows that the volume density of the ganglionic eminence vascular network is higher than the volume density of the other examined structures and that this difference is statistically highly significant (p less than 0.01). The augmented volume density of the ganglionic eminence vascular network points to a possibility of slow blood flow through its vascular bed, which was experimentally demonstrated on animals. This slow blood flow, among other factors, may be the cause of a ganglionic eminence venous infarction in premature newborns of low birthweight.

Corpus Striatum↗
PubMed1984

Influence of interferon on C19-steroids in urine of malignant skin melanoma and malignant breast neoplasm patients.

The paper evaluates the effect of human leukocyte interferon (HLI) in patients with malignant skin melanoma and malignant neoplasm of the breast. HLI was administered intramuscularly in a daily dose of 2 X 10(5) IU 7 days at 8-week intervals over a period of 12 months. The chosen patients were in the surgical stage of the disease, i.e. they had undergone surgical operation on the primary tumor or on the regional lymph nodes T1-3, N0-1, M0. During the HLI treatment the values of C19-steroid metabolites and particularly of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) were established and the following conclusions have been drawn: the application of HLI in a dose of 2 X 10(5) by the described method has an impact on the change of C19 steroid metabolism in terms of normalization.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Rapid diagnosis of herpesvirus hominis infection of cervix and vagina before delivery.

The incidence of asymptomatic vaginal and cervical Herpes virus hominis shedding in a group of 51 pregnant women near term was investigated by the method of indirect immunofluorescence. All women were tested serologically by the method of microneutralisation in order to diagnose latent HVH type 1 or HVH type 2 infection. The shedding of HVH, in most cases, was the consequence of the activated HVH latent infection. It was revealed that 13.72% of asymptomatic HVH type 1 shedding was from vagina alone, and 7.27% of asymptomatic HVH type 1 shedding was from cervix alone. The same percentage (17%) of HVH type 2 shedding was revealed from both the vagina and the cervix. All women whose cervical and vaginal smears showed positive HVH type 1 or HVH type 2 immunofluorescence were latently infected. We have no direct data to refuse or confirm the suggestions that Caesarian section is recommended in women with genital herpes. The fact that both vaginal and cervical asymptomatic shedding of HVH occur during pregnancy indicates that these women undergo the virologic examination near term. The evaluation of duration of asymptomatic shedding is needed. Close clinical and virologic observation will markedly reduce both clinical and subclinical HVH infection of the newborn infant. In such circumstances rapid diagnosis of HVH infection becomes extremely important in the pregnant women.

Female↗
PubMed1976

[Malignant melanoma of the skin and pregnancy].

Two women, during pregnancy, suddenly developed changes in the pigmented skin nevus (melanoma) which they had had since their childhood. Both patients were surgically treated; the diagnosis was malignant melanoma. One of the patients, 12 years after the operation, is alive and well, and so is her child. In the other patient, 6 months after operation, there was a relapse and regional metastases. She gave birth to a healthy child.

Adult↗