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Biomedical subjects

L McLaughlin

Publications and source records attributed to L McLaughlin.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Knowledge and beliefs of dentists regarding temporomandibular disorders and chronic pain.

To assess the knowledge and beliefs of practicing dentists regarding temporomandibular disorders and chronic pain, a random sample of dentists in the Kansas City metropolitan area was surveyed. A survey instrument examining knowledge and beliefs in four domains (psychophysiological, psychiatric disorders, chronic pain, and pathophysiology) was used. The responses of the practicing dentists were compared to the responses of panels of experts. Results indicated that dentists generally agreed with experts in the psychophysiological and psychiatric disorders domains but disagreed with the experts in the chronic pain and pathophysiology domains. Specialists and general dentists did not differ from one another in their responses. The findings partially replicate an earlier, similar survey of dentists in the Seattle, Washington, area. The findings suggest that the role of psychiatric disorders and psychophysiologic factors in the etiology of temporomandibular disorders is widely acknowledged by practicing dentists. However, there is considerable discrepancy between practicing dentists and temporomandibular disorder experts on the pathophysiology of temporomandibular disorders and how best to diagnose and treat these chronic conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Adherence of Candida species to fibrin clots in vitro.

The adherence of six Candida species to fibrin clots was studied using a simple, in vitro technique. Yeast suspensions were incubated with fibrin clots and the number of adherent organisms quantified as follows: after washing, the clots were subjected to vortex mixing and the number of CFU's which subsequently grew on Sabourauds medium were counted. Adhesion was directly proportional to the concentration of Candida species in the suspension (r = 0.99 p less than 0.001). C. albicans and C. tropicalis exhibited marked adherence whereas C. krusei, C. gulliermondi and C. glabrata adhered less readily. C. parapsilosis was intermediate in its ability to adhere.

Candida↗
PubMed1987

The influence of exocyclic substituents of purine bases on DNA curvature.

Complementary oligonucleotides with 5' overhanging deoxyguanosine or deoxycytidine stretches, respectively, of the general form 5'-d(GGGCAARAAC).5'-d(CCCGTTYTTG), where R represents the bases adenine (A), hypoxanthine (base of inosine nucleoside, I), purine (R), 2-aminopurine (n2R), or 2,6-diaminopurine (n2,6(2)R) and where Y represents the pyrimidine bases thymine (T) or cytosine (C), have been chemically synthesized. After hybridization of complementary fragments, they were ligated to form multimers and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Anomalous gel migration was observed for the sequences 5'-d(AARAA) when the R.Y base pair was dA.dT, dI.dC, or dR.dT. All of these base pairs lack at least the amino group at position 2 of the purine base. The degree of anomalous gel migration was also related to the substituent at position 6 of the purine base. An amino group at position 6 was more effective than a carbonyl or a hydrogen in inducing anomalous gel migration. Additionally, the fragments 5'-d(GGGCAIAIAC).5'-d(CCCGTCTCTG), 5'-d(GGGCAIIIAC).5'-d(CCCGTCCCTG), and 5'-d(GGGCIIAIIC).5'-d(CCCGCCTCCG) were prepared in which increasing numbers of dA.dT base pairs are replaced by dI.dC base pairs. The degree of gel-migration anomaly of these sequences correlates with the number of dA.dT base pairs left in the five-base purine block. The data support the hypothesis that within the deoxyadenosine tracts, the base pairs fold into the minor groove at position 2 of the base to balance for the NH2 groups at position 6. This hypothesis explains the formation of a B'-form DNA structure for the deoxyadenosine tracts as well as DNA curvature.

DNA↗
PubMed1985

Psychosocial correlates of adolescent smokeless tobacco use.

The current study investigated psychosocial correlates of adolescent smokeless tobacco use. Subjects viewed smokeless tobacco use as less of a health danger than smoking and as more socially acceptable. The social image associated with smokeless tobacco use was an ambivalent one that in some ways matched the masculine, athletic image features in advertising. Subjects' beliefs about the health consequences of smokeless tobacco use, its social acceptability, and its associated social image related to current tobacco use and (among nonusers) to intentions to use tobacco in the future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

A novel cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid.

The 8000 X g pellet of rabbit placenta transformed arachidonic acid into a number of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products of known structure. A metabolite was also produced which was inhibited by indomethacin and required calcium for its formation. This compound had a UV absorption maximum at 227 nm under acidic or neutral conditions and gave a bathochromic shift to 281 nm under alkaline conditions. Reduction of this metabolite with sodium borohydride produced prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha (as determined by mass spectrometry), while catalytic hydrogenation increased the molecular weight by four mass units, indicating the presence of two double bonds. Based on the mass spectrum of the derivatized metabolite, the structure proved to be 9,15-dioxo-11-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoic acid. This compound is produced by the term placenta and does not appear to be formed from PGE2, PGF2 alpha, or PGD2. The compound is suppressed by GSH and NADPH, but its formation is not increased by NAD or NADP. PGH2 and PGG2 are not converted to 9,15-dioxo-11-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoic acid under similar in vitro incubation conditions. This therefore represents conversion of arachidonate to 9,15-dioxo-11-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoic acid through a Ca2+-dependent, non-PG dehydrogenase pathway.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thrombogenicity of a factor IX concentrate quantitated in a canine model.

Dose-ranging studies with a batch of factor IX concentrate have been performed in a canine non-stasis model of thrombogenicity. Doses between 50 and 200 IU/kg were infused over a 30 min period, and beagles were found to be more sensitive than greyhounds with regard to subsequent alterations in haemostatic parameters over a 150 min period. In beagles we detected significant increases in plasma fibrin(ogen) degradation products and reduction in fibrinogen concentrations in a dose-related manner after infusion of factor IX concentrate over the range 50-150 IU/kg. Plasma fibrinopeptide A was the most sensitive marker of activation of coagulation with significantly increased levels after factor IX at 50 IU/kg compared with control infusions of albumin. Recovery of infused factor IX was similar to values reported in man. In these experiments, measurement of urinary fibrinopeptide A did not prove to be a useful indicator of thrombogenicity. In conclusion, the beagle non-stasis model will provide a sensitive method to quantify the unwanted thrombogenic activities associated with the use of high doses of certain factor IX concentrates.

Animals↗