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L Midanik

Publications and source records attributed to L Midanik.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

DSM-IV alcohol dependence and drinking in the U.S. population: a risk analysis.

PURPOSE: This paper examines the relationship between alcohol dependence according to the criteria found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association and drinking in the U.S. general population. METHODS: The data set under analysis is the 1988 National Health Interview Survey, which interviewed a probability sample of 22,102 adult drinkers in the U.S. household population. The response rate was 86%. RESULTS: Results indicate that there is a linear relationship between DSM-IV dependence and the mean number of drinks consumed per day, or the number of days drinking five or more glasses of alcohol in the past 12 months. Respondents who reported consuming five or more drinks in a day have about six times more chances of being dependent than respondents who did not report such pattern of drinking. Older drinkers are less at risk than younger drinkers. CONCLUSIONS: There is a risk of alcohol dependence at relatively low volumes of consumption. The risk increases gradually with the volume of consumption. An added and higher risk exists when drinkers engage in a pattern of consumption involving the ingestion of five or more drinks per day.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Alcohol and non-fatal injury in the U.S. general population: a risk function analysis.

This paper reports a risk function analysis of average daily volume of alcohol consumed and the frequency of consuming 5 or more drinks during a single day with reporting an injury in a probability sample of the U.S. adult household population living in the 48 contiguous states. The data are from the 1990 National Alcohol Survey on a weighted sample of 1150 respondents, 748 of whom were current drinkers. Risk of injury was found to increase with an average daily volume of 1 drink for both males and females and for those 30 and younger and those over 30, and to increase with a frequency of consuming 5 or more drinks on one day more often than twice a year. These data suggest that risk for injury may be increased at relatively low levels of consumption and, if so, that preventive efforts aimed at more moderate drinkers may have a greater impact on the reduction of alcohol-related accidents than efforts focused on heavier drinkers who are fewer in number.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1984

Chronicity of drinking problems among men: a longitudinal study.

Analyses demonstrate that the chronicity of alcohol problems among men is a function of age; the probable chronicity over time is greater among older than among younger men. Alcohol problems among older men show greater interrelationships; remission is higher among younger men. The data have implications for estimates of the prevalence of alcoholism in the U.S. population. If the percentage of problem drinkers in the general population is used, actual prevalence will be overestimated. If the percentage of alcoholics in treatment is used, actual prevalence will be underestimated. The ability to identify men in the general population who are at risk for becoming alcoholics has implications for prevention of alcohol-related problems and the treatment of alcoholism.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Familial alcoholism and problem drinking in a national drinking practices survey.

This study examined the prevalence of alcoholism and problem drinking among the first degree relatives of respondents in a national survey. A stratified area-probability sample of adults 18 years of age or older living in households in the U.S. was used for this analysis. Data were collected on familial alcoholism/problem drinking as well as the prevalence of alcohol problems and depressive symptoms of the respondents themselves. Overall, women reported more alcoholic/problem drinking first degree relatives than men. This relationship was enhanced for women with alcohol problems alone or in conjunction with depressive symptoms. However, rates of reported familial alcoholism/problem drinking among men and women who had depressive symptoms only were quite similar. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1982

Over-reports of recent alcohol consumption in a clinical population: a validity study.

Decisions concerning appropriate treatment in alcoholism programs are often based on the self-reports of the clients. However, few programs have incorporated validation procedures (such as breath tests) since it is generally assumed that alcoholics will deny the extent of their drinking and their subsequent alcohol problems. The self-reports of recent alcohol consumption of sixty-five new entrants to an alcoholism treatment program were validated with breath tests. Five estimates of blood alcohol concentrations were derived by varying elimination rates. For all five estimates, over-reporters comprised a substantial proportion of the total sample (23%-57%) and exceeded the percentage of consistent reporters for those people who had a positive breath test. Correlations between self-reports and breath tests were not significant which indicates that the amount of alcohol consumed does not necessarily relate to reporting behavior. It is concluded that despite the widely held notion that alcoholics deny the extent of their drinking, errors in the direction of over-reporting should be taken seriously and examined more closely. On an individual level, over-presentation of a client's condition may be related to subsequent behavior in a treatment program; on an aggregate level, over-reports may bias the findings of evaluation studies by inflating success rates.

Adult↗