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Biomedical subjects

L Miller

Publications and source records attributed to L Miller.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Pragmatics and early childhood language disorders: communicative interactions in a half-hour sample.

An early childhood language analysis and intervention program, based on two models of pragmatics, is described. The theoretical constructs of each pragmatics model are described first, followed by a discussion of how the clinicians in the program translate these constructs into procedures for the analysis of and intervention with language disorders in preschool-aged children. Mention is made in conclusion of the limitations within which the program operates.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of in vivo and in vitro ribosomal RNA synthesis in nucleolar mutants of Xenopus laevis.

Cells of embryos carrying a lethal nucleolar mutation have been maintained in vitro for extended periods of time. Normally these mutants live only 9 to 12 days after fertilization but their cells in culture will survive for more than 3 months. The extent of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis was determined in primary cultures prepared from normal embryos and nucleolar mutants having different numbers of ribosomal RNA genes. We found that the accumulation of radioactivity into rRNA for normal and mutant embryos was similar in vivo and in vitro. In primary cultures of normal embryos which have two nucleoli per cell and mutant embryos which have only one nucleolus per cell, the incorporation of radioactivity into rRNA was similar even though the normal cells have twice as many rRNA genes. Thus the mechanism which regulates dosage compensation of the rRNA genes operates both in vivo and in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Marijuana: dose-response effects on pulse rate, subjective estimates of potency, pleasantness, and recognition memory.

34 experienced marijuana users were divided into four equated groups of eight subjects each based on recognition memory test performance. One week later each group was retested following administration of marijuana containing 0, 5, 10 or 15 mg delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol. A dose-related effect of marijuana on pulse rate and subjective measures of potency and pleasantness occurred. Ratings of potency and changes in pulse rate were highly correlated, but this relationship did not hold within a given dosage group as determined by partial correlations. No effect of marijuana on the distribution of hit and false alarm rates or confidence ratings during the recognition memory test was noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Use of dexamethasone in treatment of insulin lipoatrophy.

To treat insulin lipoatrophy, small amounts of dexamethasone (4 micrograms/unit) were added to insulin injections in nine patients. Six cases showed significant improvement of dexamethasone-treated sites over that of control sites in six months. With the continued use of dexamethasone-containing insulin, they remained mostly free of atrophic areas during the follow-up period of over two years. Our experience suggests the usefulness of this therapy.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1977

Regional hyperplastic lymph nodes in breast cancer: the role of lymphocytes and nodal macrophages. An immunological study with a five-year follow-up.

Five stage I and stage II breast cancer patients with sinus histiocytosis in two or more enlarged regional lymph nodes were studied. Peripheral lymphocytes, serum, and nodal lymphocytes were tested in vitro for cytotoxicity against autologous normal and tumor cells. Nodal macrophages were incubated with autologous peripheral lymphocytes and these "activated" lymphocytes then were tested in vitro for cytotoxicity against autologous normal and tumor cells. Peripheral lymphocytes (L) were not cytotoxic to autologous tumor (T) cells at 25:1 L/T ratios. Nodal lymphocytes were specifically cytotoxic to autologous tumor cells. Macrophages from hyperplastic regional lymph nodes transferred tumor specific inmunity to peripheral lymphocytes. Macrophages from small, nonhyperplastic regional lymph nodes did not transfer tumor specific immunity. With the advent of adjuvant chemotherapy and its attack on systemic immunity, a quantitative, immunopathological classification of breast cancer patients is needed in order to properly select patients for further therapy.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMed1977

Postoperative chest wound infections in patients requiring coronary bypass. A controlled study evaluating prophylactic antibiotics.

A controlled study investigating clean chest wound infections in 904 patients undergoing myocardial revascularization was performed. Four hundred fifty-one patients received systemic antibiotics before and after the operation, and 453 patients received no prophylactic systemic antibiotics. The infection rate was 1.10 per cent and 1.76 per cent, respectively, indicating no statistical difference between the two groups. Preoperative skin preparation and subsequent local antibiotic wound irrigation may be the most important factors in preventing clean wound infection.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Coordinated action of pectinesterase and polygalacturonate lyase complex of Clostridium multifermentans.

The polygalacturonate lyase and pectinesterase activities of Clostridium multifermentans, both produced extracellularly when the organism grows on pectin or polygalacturonate, have been suggested to be associated in a single complex. Both enzymic sites act on their respective substrates by single-chain action patterns, as shown by equivalent release of terminal tritium label and total product throughout the reaction. From these results, the Km and V of the lyase, and the amount of lyase activity present, we calculate the steady-state concentration of lyase substrate expected during action of the two sites on pectin if the sites are independent. No such steady-state concentration of lyase substrate was observed. Therefore, we conclude that the two types of active site act in a coordinated manner; the polysaccharide chain passes from the esterase site to the lyase site without intermediate dissociation and rebinding. This 'molecular disassembly line' constituted by the two sites may represent a system of general significance in synthesis and degradation of biological polymers.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1976

Platelet monamine oxidase in chronic schizophrenia. Some enzyme characteristics relevant to reduced activity.

To evaluate further the basis for the reduced activity of platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) found in chronic schizophrenic patients, a number of characteristics of the enzyme were compared between patients and controls. Equivalent and statistically significant reductions in activity of the enzyme were found in the patients when tyramine and benzylamine were used as the substrates in comparison to previously reported reductions with tryptamine as the substrate. Michaelis constants for platelet MAO from chronic schizophrenic patients with reduced enzyme activity were not different from controls. Dialysis of the enzyme from patients and controls yielded no changes in activity. Studies of other platelet enzymes, including succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome C reductase, and lactate dehydrogenase in patients, normal controls, and a subgroup of normal controls with reduced MAO activity, showed no parallel reductions in activity in patients or controls with low MAO activity. These findings suggest that the reduced MAO activity found in chronic schizophrenic patients is apparently not accounted for by nonspecific changes in platelets or platelet mitochondria.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Adoptive transfer of tumor immunity between twins by in vitro immunized nodal macrophages and lymphocytes: reversal of serum enhancement.

The lymphocytes and serum of a nonidentical twin male with advanced colon cancer were evaluated in vitro for their ability to inhibit the growth of autologous tumor cells. The patient's serum enhanced autologous tumor cell growth. Three siblings including an HL-A matched grade A female twin underwent similar studies. Benign lymph nodes of the twins and one sibling were evaluated for the ability of nodal macrophages to be sensitized to the patient's tumor antigen. The male twin patient received intralymphatically in vitro sensitized nodal macrophages and lymphocytes from the female twin donor. Thirty days after treatment the patient's lymphocytes and serum inhibited the growth of autologous tumor cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Peritoneal clearances in scleroderma and diabetes mellitus: effects of intraperitioneal isoproterenol.

Reduced peritoneal clearances of creatinine and urate were demonstrated repeatedly in a patient with scleroderma and a patient with diabetes mellitus. Urea clearances were not significantly different from usual values. The findings suggest decreased peritoneal membrane permeability and/or area (if urea clearance is flow limited). Clearances increased to usual values with intraperitioneal isoproterenol in the patient with diabetes. There was no effect of isoproterenol in the patient with scleroderma.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of effect of narcotic and epidural analgesia on postoperative respiratory function.

A prospective, randomized comparison was made of the value of meperidine versus epidural analgesia when used for the relief of pain after cholecystectomy in twenty patients without cardiopulmonary disease. Respiratory function was assessed the day before surgery and at 3 to 4 hours and 24 hours after operation by the bedside measurement of expiratory peak flow, vital capacity, and arterial blood gases. The two groups of patients were comparable as to age, height, weight, smoking habits, preoperative peak flow, vital capacity, and duration of operation. The arterial oxygen tension and oxygen saturation were significantly greater and carbon dioxide tension lower in the epidural analgesia group 24 hours after operation. At this time peak flow rates and vital capacity were not different. However, at 3 to 4 hours postoperatively, vital capacity was significantly greater in the epidural anesthesia group. This might account for the differences in arterial blood gases the following day. These findings suggest that epidural analgesia is valuable in the early postoperative period after upper abdominal surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Marijuana and memory impairment: the effect of retrieval cues on free recall.

In an attempt to ascertain the effect of retrieval cues on recall deficits which occur following intoxication with marijuana, 40 male volunteers were presented with word lists following the smoking of a single one gram marijuana (0.94% delta 9 -THC) or placebo cigarette and then were required to recall these words immediately after presentation. Recall occurred under a condition in which cues representative of to-be-remembered words were present or in an uncued condition. Results indicated that recall was depressed following marijuana administration under both cued and uncued conditions with cues being only mildly effective in reversing the recall deficit. There was no increase in the number of internal intrusions under marijuana, but the number of external intrusions was significantly elevated under the cued conditions.

Adult↗