Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to L Monjour.
The value of the gel diffusion test in human malaria varied considerably, depending on the different methods tested to obtain soluble antigens. With one of these antigens, a saponin lysate of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes, the test proved as sensitive and specific as the IFA test with the homologous antigen.
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In a complete study in 25 patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania braziliensis complex, immunotherapeutic efficacy of parasite derived antigen (94-67 KD) has been compared to antimonial therapy. Additionally, to delineate the mechanism of therapeutic success, microscopical features of immune response in active lesions and healed or non-healed lesions following therapy were analyzed. The results showed that cure rates in immunotherapy and chemotherapy were equal (> 83%). The immunohistochemical changes in two therapeutic groups were also largely similar. The analysis of humoral and cellular immune response suggest that appropriate stimulation of T helper cells in the lesion site, in association with one or more cytokines, play a key role in the healing process.
A 72 kDa Trypanosoma cruzi glycoprotein recognized by the 164C11 monoclonal antibody (IgM isotype) was purified by preparative electrophoresis. The antigenic preparation obtained, named TcY 72, was used to immunize C57Bl/10 mice. The following results were observed after immunization: (1) induction of higher titres of IgG than IgM antibodies, as evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence; (2) significant DTH after injection of epimastigotes in mice footpads; (3) peak parasitemia in immunized mice was significantly reduced and animals were negative by 13 days post-infection, although the mice still succumb to infection; (4) the phenotypic analysis of spleen cell populations showed a decrease in the CD4/CD8 ratio in immunized mice. Taken as a whole, these findings indicate that TcY 72 is immunogenic and potentially important for protective immunity.
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Within the scope of a village hydraulic programme, in a Sahel rural area, an investigation was conducted in a school to determine the effect of the use of drinking water on fecal flora. One year following the installation of a hydraulic pump, it was observed that pathogenic salmonellae, shigellae and amoebic cysts had virtually disappeared. In contrast, the perennial character of viral contamination was demonstrated. Water guaranteed potable, therefore, appears to be an essential factor in the prevention of infections due to fecal pathogenic microorganisms. It is essential, however, that the areas surrounding the pumps be subjected to strict supervision to avoid pollution of the underground water sheet.
An epidemiological survey was carried out in 1973 in Sahara and Sahel regions of Mauritania, in order to assess the frequency and the geographical distribution of schistosomiasis. The prevalence of the infection, based on an immunological diagnosis, varied between villages, increased as a function or age, and reflected mainly the conditions of living of the inhabitants. Eradication programs were deemed suitable in certain biotopes, especially in Adrar.
A survey aiming at assessing the anti-measles vaccination efficiency among malnourished children, 1-3 years old, has been conducted in rural Upper-Volta. The haemagglutination inhibition technique has been used and antibodies titers higher or equal to 20 were considered as markers of protective immunity. Malnutrition does not seem to be a factor that decreases the anti-measles antibodies production, because there is no significative difference between seroconversion percentages of well and malnourished children. It is proposed that a new serological technique would be useful in the assessment of actual post-vaccinal immunity, mainly in children with ages ranging from 6 to 12 months old.