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L Moseley

Publications and source records attributed to L Moseley.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Measurement of exogenous carbohydrate oxidation: a comparison of [U-14C]glucose and [U-13C]glucose tracers.

The purpose of this study was to assess the level of agreement between two techniques commonly used to measure exogenous carbohydrate oxidation (CHO(EXO)). To accomplish this, seven healthy male subjects (24 +/- 3 yr, 74.8 +/- 2.1 kg, V(O2(max)) 62 +/- 4 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) exercised at 50% of their peak power for 120 min on two occasions. During these exercise bouts, subjects ingested a solution containing either 144 g glucose (8.7% wt/vol glucose) or water. The glucose solution contained trace amounts of both [U-13C]glucose and [U-14C]glucose to allow CHO(EXO) to be quantified simultaneously. The water trial was used to correct for background 13C enrichment. 13C appearance in the expired air was measured using isotope ratio mass spectrometry, whereas 14C appearance was quantified by trapping expired CO(2) in solution (using hyamine hydroxide) and adding a scintillator before counting radioactivity. CHO(EXO) measured with [13C]glucose ([13C]CHO(EXO)) was significantly greater than CHO(EXO) measured with [14C]glucose ([14C]CHO(EXO)) from 30 to 120 min. There was a 15 +/- 4% difference between [13C]CHO(EXO) and [14C]CHO(EXO) such that the absolute difference increased with the magnitude of CHO(EXO). Further investigations suggest that the difference is not because of losses of CO2 from the trapping solution before counting or an underestimation of the "strength" of the trapping solution. Previous research suggests that the degree of isotopic fractionation is small (S. C. Kalhan, S. M. Savin, and P. A. Adam. J Lab Clin Med89: 285-294, 1977). Therefore, the explanation for the discrepancy in calculated CHO(EXO) remains to be fully understood.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2004

No differences in cycling efficiency between world-class and recreational cyclists.

The aim of this experiment was to compare the efficiency of elite cyclists with that of trained and recreational cyclists. Male subjects (N = 69) performed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion on an electrically braked cycle ergometer. Cadence was maintained between 80 - 90 rpm. Energy expenditure was estimated from measures of oxygen uptake (VO (2)) and carbon dioxide production (VCO(2)) using stoichiometric equations. Subjects (age 26 +/- 7 yr, body mass 74.0 +/- 6.3 kg, Wpeak 359 +/- 40 W and VO(2)peak 62.3 +/- 7.0 mL/kg/min) were divided into 3 groups on the basis of their VO (2)peak (< 60.0 (Low, N = 26), 60 - 70 (Med, N = 27) and > 70 (High, N = 16) mL/kg/min). All data are mean +/- SE. Despite the wide range in aerobic capacities gross efficiency (GE) at 165 W (GE (165)), GE at the same relative intensity (GE (final)), delta efficiency (DE) and economy (EC) were similar between all groups. Mean GE (165) was 18.6 +/- 0.3 %, 18.8 +/- 0.4 % and 17.9 +/- 0.3 % while mean DE was 22.4 +/- 0.4 %, 21.6 +/- 0.4 % and 21.2 +/- 0.5 % (for Low, Medium and High, respectively). There was no correlation between GE (165), GE (final), DE or EC and VO(2)peak. Based on these data, we conclude that there are no differences in efficiency and economy between elite cyclists and recreational level cyclists.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Higher dietary carbohydrate content during intensified running training results in better maintenance of performance and mood state.

The aim of this study was to determine whether consumption of a diet containing 8.5 g carbohydrate (CHO) x kg(-1) x day(-1) (high CHO; HCHO) compared with 5.4 g CHO x kg(-1) x day(-1) (control; Con) during a period of intensified training (IT) would result in better maintenance of physical performance and mood state. In a randomized cross-over design, seven trained runners [maximal O(2) uptake (Vo(2 max)) 64.7 +/- 2.6 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)] performed two 11-day trials consuming either the Con or the HCHO diet. The last week of both trials consisted of IT. Performance was measured with a preloaded 8-km all-out run on the treadmill and 16-km all-out runs outdoors. Substrate utilization was measured using indirect calorimetry and continuous [U-(13)C]glucose infusion during 30 min of running at 58 and 77% Vo(2 max). Time to complete 8 km was negatively affected by the IT: time significantly increased by 61 +/- 23 and 155 +/- 38 s in the HCHO and Con trials, respectively. The 16-km times were significantly increased (by 8.2 +/- 2.1%) during the Con trial only. The Daily Analysis of Life Demands of Athletes questionnaire showed significant deterioration in mood states in both trials, whereas deterioration in global mood scores, as assessed with the Profile of Mood States, was more pronounced in the Con trial. Scores for fatigue were significantly higher in the Con compared with the HCHO trial. CHO oxidation decreased significantly from 1.7 +/- 0.2 to 1.2 +/- 0.2 g/min over the course of the Con trial, which was completely accounted for by a decrease in muscle glycogen oxidation. These findings indicate that an increase in dietary CHO content from 5.4 to 8.5 g CHO x kg(-1)x day(-1) (41 vs. 65% total energy intake, respectively) allowed better maintenance of physical performance and mood state over the course of training, thereby reducing the symptoms of overreaching.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Iron absorption from Spatone (a natural mineral water) for prevention of iron deficiency in pregnancy.

The absorption of iron from Spatone Iron-Plus has been investigated in pregnant women with iron deficiency anaemia. A total of 25 mg Fe was taken and absorption determined from the increase in serum iron concentration during a period of 3 h. Mean absorption was 28%, significantly higher than in nonpregnant, nonanaemic women (14%). These studies demonstrate that Spatone provides an alternative to the standard ferrous sulphate tablet for prevention of iron deficiency in pregnancy. As only lower doses of iron are required, the unpleasant side-effects of iron therapy are largely avoided.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The reliability of cycling efficiency.

PURPOSE: The aim of this experiment was to establish the reproducibility of gross efficiency (GE), delta efficiency (DE), and economy (EC) during a graded cycle ergometer test in seventeen male subjects. METHODS: All subjects performed three identical exercise tests at a constant pedal cadence of 80 rpm on an electrically braked cycle ergometer. Energy expenditure was estimated from measures of oxygen uptake (VO(2)) and carbon dioxide production (VCO(2)) by using stoichiometric equations. RESULTS: The subjects characteristics were age 24 +/- 6 yr, body mass 74.6 +/- 6.9 kg, body fat 13.9 +/- 2.2%, and VO(2max) 61.9 +/- 2.4 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1) (all means +/- SD). Average GE, DE, and EC for the three tests were 19.8 +/- 0.6%, 25.8 +/- 1.5%, and 5.0 +/- 0.1 kJ x L(-1), respectively. The coefficients of variation (confidence limits) were GE 4.2 (3.2-6.4)%, DE 6.7 (5.0-10.0)%, and EC 3.3 (2.4-4.9)%. GE was significantly lower at 95 W and 130 W when compared with 165 W, 200 W, 235 W, 270 W, and 305 W. GE at 165 W was significantly lower (P < 0.05) that GE at 235 W. A weak correlation (r = 0.491; P < 0.05) was found between peak oxygen uptake (VO(2peak)) and GE, whereas no correlations were found between VO(2max) and DE or EC. CONCLUSION: We conclude that a graded exercise test with 3-min stages and 35-W increments is a method by which reproducible measurements of both GE and EC can be obtained, whereas measurements of DE seemed slightly more variable.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Vascular surgical society of great britain and ireland: deaths from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in wales

BACKGROUND: The aim was to determine the true incidence and operative mortality rate of patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) who reach hospital alive in Wales. METHODS: Patients presenting with a ruptured AAA between September 1996 and August 1997 were analysed. The data were collected prospectively by an independent body, observing strict confidentiality. RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-three patients with confirmed ruptured AAA were identified. One hundred and thirty-three patients (57 per cent) underwent attempted operative repair. Eighty-five (64 per cent) died within 30 days. All 100 patients who received no operation died. Of the 233 patients, 92 were admitted under vascular surgeons (VSs) and 141 under non-vascular surgeons (NVSs). VSs operated on 82 patients (89 per cent) of whom 50 (61 per cent) died; NVSs operated on 51 (36 per cent) of whom 35 (69 per cent) died. CONCLUSION: This study is the only independent prospective study of death among patients with ruptured AAA who reached hospital alive. Some 57 per cent of the patients with a ruptured AAA were operated on. The operative mortality rate was 64 per cent and the overall mortality rate was 79 per cent. VSs were significantly more aggressive (89 per cent) in the management of ruptured AAA (i.e. more likely to operate) than NVSs (36 per cent) (P < 0.0001). Despite this, the operative mortality rate for VSs was 61 per cent, whereas for NVSs it was 69 per cent (P = 0.372). The overall mortality rate (including operated and non-operated patients) for NVSs (89 per cent) was significantly higher than that for VSs (65 per cent) (P < 0.0001). In Conclusion:, ruptured AAA is common in Wales and associated with a high mortality rate even when managed by VSs.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Three-dimensional kinematics of the rearfoot during the stance phase of walking in normal young adult males.

Three-dimensional video analysis was used to quantify three-dimensional motion of the rearfoot in 14 normal young adult males during the stance phase of walking. A stringent calibration procedure enabled standardization of the neutral position of the rearfoot. Surface markers were placed on the calcaneus and lower tibia, and a joint coordinate system was used to determine the relative displacement between the calcaneus and lower leg as representative of rearfoot motion. Confirmation was made of the assumption of a mechanical coupling between the rearfoot displacements of abduction/adduction and eversion/inversion. However, there were several findings which contrasted with commonly held assumptions. For example, the rearfoot was found to evert gradually, rather than rapidly, from heel contact to just prior to heel rise. Also the conventional descriptions of the composite movements of pronation and supination were not applicable to rearfoot movement in this study, and it was therefore concluded that pronation and supination are not valid descriptors of three-dimensional rearfoot motion during the stance phase of walking.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

The incidence of injury in surfboat rowers.

A questionnaire was completed by 202 surfboat rowers. The questionnaire investigated injuries that occurred over the preceding two years. The injuries were classified according to the nature of onset of the injury, the anatomical location of the injury, and the age of the rower. Eighty percent of surfboat rowers reported some type of injury during the two years prior to completing the questionnaire. Eighty one percent of injuries were classified as chronic insidious onset injuries. The mean time lost from employment due to chronic insidious onset injuries was 10.4 days, Low back pain accounted for 60% of all injuries. Sixty percent of the acute injuries were hamstring or calf tears that were incurred during sprint running training. No relationship between age or surfboat rowing experience and incidence of injury was identified. The present study suggests that there is a high incidence of injury in surfboat rowing, and that most injuries are chronic injuries and are of an insidious onset.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1992

The integration of a database and a statistical program in the analysis of a large scale survey in nursing.

Large scale surveys have conventionally been analysed using a statistical package. This saves considerable time and permits many more analyses to be undertaken than with more traditional methods. It does, however, have certain drawbacks. First, it does not help with the problem of data management. SPSS and Epfino, for example, have some facilities for data entry restrictions and cross-checking. They are excellent for the static purpose for which they are designed, but rather crude in comparison with those provided by a dedicated database tool. Second, it requires considerable experience to achieve maximum benefit. Third, it does not help at all in the major undertaking of data exploration. The authors have analysed a large scale survey using a statistical package and a database in collaboration. Their experience is reported here.

Databases, Bibliographic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine tuning the day surgery process.

This review suggests that nurses need to be more knowledgeable when it comes to the assessment of post-operative pain. The authors recommend the employment of a universal pre-operative assessment and discharge protocol, based on the patient's perspective.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Graphs: looking at relationships.

Research articles often incorporate data in the form of graphs. This article acts as a study guide to enable readers to understand and interpret the data produced in this way.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Positive thinking.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗