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Biomedical subjects

L Moser

Publications and source records attributed to L Moser.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Detection of loudness recruitment in patients with retrocochlear lesions using the "Würzburger Hörfeld" loudness scaling].

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of hearing loss caused by cerebellopontine angle tumors such as acoustic neuromas is unknown. The lack of loudness recruitment is thought to be one of the features of retrocochlear hearing impairment. In contrast to conventional suprathreshold tests, the categorial loudness scaling using the "Würzburger Hörfeld" is a valuable tool to describe the individual perception of sound. The aim of the present study was to analyze the loudness growth rate in patients with acoustic neuroma. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Pure tone and speech audiometry as well as auditory brainstem response and bilateral categorial loudness scaling were performed preoperatively in 54 patients with acoustic neuroma. Loudness scaling was done in free field switching off the contralateral ear by using an ear-plug. RESULTS: An abnormal rapid loudness growth function was found in 38 of the 54 patients (70.4%) at least at one frequency on the tumor side. The contralateral side was effected only in 57.4% of the patients. The incidence of a recruitment depended on the frequency with a maximum at 4 kHz. The slope of the loudness function showed a tendency to increase with increasing hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS: Loudness recruitment is not a rare phenomenon in patients with acoustic neuroma. The underlying cause (a preexisting hair cell damage, hair cell changes resulting from an obstruction of the cochlear blood supply or a disruption of the cochlear efferents) still remains unclear.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The effects of the atypical antipsychotic amperozide on vacuous jaw movements in rats: a novel dose response profile.

Classic neuroleptic drugs produce a syndrome of vacuous jaw movements in rats, and this syndrome has been offered as an animal model of early onset extrapyramidal side effects. The atypical antipsychotics do not produce elevations in vacuous jaw movements, or do so only at very high doses. The purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of the putative antipsychotic, amperozide, on vacuous jaw movements in rats. Groups of rats received daily injections of haloperidol (0.2, 0.4, or 0.8 mg/kg), clozapine (2.0, 4.0, 8.0 mg/kg), amperozide (2.0, 4.0, 8.0 mg/kg) or vehicle for 4 weeks. Once per week, rats were observed for the presence of vacuous jaw movements. Haloperidol increased vacuous jaw movements with increasing doses. Clozapine only produced elevations in vacuous jaw movements at the highest dose. In contrast, increasing doses of amperozide resulted in decreasing vacuous jaw movements for this portion of the dose-response curve. This is the first report of the effect of amperozide on vacuous jaw movements and results are discussed in terms of a potentially unique behavioral profile with respect to this behavior.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

ACE inhibitor effects on platelet function in stages I-II hypertension.

Angiotensin II enhances platelet aggregation through activation of the G protein-linked pathway present in platelets. Studies of several angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have demonstrated marked differences on platelets. Therefore this prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover study compared the ex vivo effects of equivalent antihypertensive doses of captopril, enalapril, and fosinopril on platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) formation in subjects with stage I-II essential hypertension. Nineteen male subjects with a baseline mean seated blood pressure of 141 +/- 3/100 +/- 1 mm Hg were enrolled. The decline in mean arterial pressure after 4 weeks of stable dosing was 10 +/- 1, 12 +/- 1, and 11 +/- 1 mm Hg for captopril, enalapril, and fosinopril, respectively (p = NS). There was no significant change in adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-, epinephrine-, or thrombin-stimulated platelet aggregation from baseline or between ACE inhibitors. Compared with baseline, fosinopril decreased TxB2 concentrations 27.5-67.6% with all stimuli after 1 and 5 min. Captopril also decreased TxB2 formation, but this effect was stimulus and time dependent. Enalapril consistently increased TxB2 concentrations, independent of stimuli or time. We conclude that different ACE inhibitors have distinct effects on platelet TxB2 formation without significant effects on platelet aggregation. Fosinopril may be a direct antagonist ofTxA2 synthase, suggesting benefit in syndromes of platelet activation or vascular occlusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The HSM sentence test as a tool for evaluating the speech understanding in noise of cochlear implant users.

The German HSM Sentence Test, available on compact disc (CD), consists of 30 lists of 20 everyday sentences. It was developed in the desire to have a sufficient number of test sentences for the repeated evaluation of speech understanding of CI users. A noise with speech-shaped spectrum on the CD allows the evaluation of speech understanding in noise. With the HSM Sentence Test we evaluated the speech understanding of participants of the Combi-40 European Multicentric Study. Results are shown for sentences presented without noise and with signal-to-noise ratios of 15, 10, 5 and 0 dB.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of flutoprazepam on skills essential for driving motor vehicles.

The effects of the 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative flutoprazepam on the skills essential for driving motor vehicles were tested 2.5 h after intake of 1 x 2 mg and 1 x 4 mg, comparing with placebo. 18 healthy subjects who had homogeneous results in psychological/physical tests took part in the study. The study had a double-blind, randomized crossover design with 7-day washout periods. 2.5 h after intake of 4 mg flutoprazepam, the ability to drive was impaired. Only a very slight reduction in skill was found at the same time under the influence of 2 mg of the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[PC-based computer monitoring in an intensive care unit].

The lack of direct communication with the intensive care patient means the medical staff have to try to achieve a realistic picture of the condition of the patient from numerous pieces of detailed information fitted together something like a jigsaw. The immense amount of data thus gained means an overall interpretation of the many individual data would be hardly imaginable without the use of a computer. PC networks in conjunction with a high-level language provide an ideal basis for building up a background monitoring system that can be used at the bedside. Simple PC-ATs and software developed in house in Turbo-Pascal have enabled us to realize a useful and very economical computer-aided background monitoring system. Any online and offline data important for an operative critical care unit can be collected, documented, displayed and processed in secondary parameters.

Austria↗
PubMed1986

[Monoclonal antibody UW 21/123: clinical use and diagnostic specificity in head and neck cancers].

In addition to the originally described monoclonal antibody (MAB) against laryngeal carcinoma cells (Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 233 (1981) 161) a new MAB was induced by means of somatic cell hybridisation techniques. The MAB UW 21/123 enables recognition of a group of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. An in-vitro assay was designed allowing clinical diagnosis of malignancy in 18% out of 211 tumour patients.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of astemizole on psychophysical performance].

Within four partial clinical trials of Astemizole versus placebo it has been proved, that no differences regarding the driving ability and the safe operation of machinery could be detected. Furthermore it could be observed, that there was no disadvantageous efficacy concerning subjective behaviour and that Astemizole did not potentiate Diazepam and alcohol.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1983

[Antihistamines and reactivity].

In two consecutive partial studies conducted under double-blind conditions the potential effects of the antihistamine 1-(4-fluorophenylmethyl)-N-[1-[2-(4-methoxypenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]- 1H-benzimidazole-2-amine (astemizole) on the ability to drive and the safe operation of machinery was tested in a total of 85 volunteers. The test was performed with psychometrical methods and included the activation level (= objective tiredness), the subjective feeling of tiredness as well as their impact on concentration and reactivity. It was shown, that after a single administration (first partial study) there was no difference in performance between astemizole and placebo, whereas under the influence of the reference substance ketotifen concentration and reactivity were significantly impaired. It should be mentioned that the volunteers of the reference group did not yet experience a subjective feeling of tiredness, while their performance had already fallen off. Also after seven days of treatment (second partial study) with astemizole or placebo the active group did not exhibit any decline in performance. The authors advise against the generalized reference to a "possibly impaired reactivity" in the case of antihistamines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[The effect of betadrenol on examination anxiety (author's transl)].

The effect of betadrenol on examination anxiety was tested in a double-blind study simulating "examination situations". The sample consisted of 60 normal students. After a test examination without prior treatment, each subject was given a single dose of either 40 or 100 mg betadrenol, or a benzodiazepine derivative at the recommended dosage, or a placebo. The test was repeated one hour later. Heart rate, blood pressure and skin resistance were measured continually throughout the progressively complicated psychological test. The increase in the heart rate was significantly lower in the betadrenol-treated subjects than in those given benzodiazepine or a placebo. The behaviour of the blood pressure was similar. Significant improvements in subjective condition and skin resistance in response to betadrenol were contrasted with deterioration after benzodiazepine, and no change after placebos. Improvement in mental alertness in the betadrenol group differed significantly from that in the benzodiazepine group, and there was also an improving trend in reactions. This shows that betadrenol can subdue examination anxiety. Betadrenol was far more effective than a benzodiazepine derivative in all the parameters tested, including psychophysical performance relating to control of a motor vehicle.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1979

[The effect of a beta-adrenergic blocking agent on driving capability (author's transl)].

The effect of Betadrenol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, was studied by means of traffic psychology tests in 29 male patients with cardiovascular disorders. The age range was 29 to 60 years. After a 7-day wash-out period, each subject received either 3 x 100 mg Betadrenol or a placebo daily during three days. Subsequently every patient was given 3 x 100 mg of Betadrenol daily during another ten days. The short-term double-blind study revealed no impairment of driving performance. The results of the open study showed significant improvements, especially in concentration and speed of reaction.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗