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Biomedical subjects

L Neoral

Publications and source records attributed to L Neoral.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Forensic medicine, its tasks and duties in medical malpractice and medico-legal litigation.

Forensic medicine assists in clarification of cases of violent death, assessment of bodily damage and indemnity, especially in cases of work injuries, it also deals with deaths that occur within two hours of a doctor's intervention. As "legal medicine", forensic medicine is taught both to medical students and to students of the juridical faculties. In cases of medical malpractice, forensic pathologists give opinions in courts. Cases of alleged malpractice are handled differently in different countries. Establishment of expert committees in the Czech Republic represents a reasonable solution to this problem. Activities of the committees are described.

Czech Republic↗
PubMed1994

Ethical and medico-legal problems concerning so-called hunger strikers.

In the Middle European medico-legal climate, the moral rule 'salus aegroti suprema lex' has been accepted for a long time. In the last few years, under the pressure of fear of accusation of a paternalistic attitude, this postulate has been changed to 'voluntas aegroti suprema lex'. The question stands: Is this valid in each case and in all the situations? For example, it is possible to use compulsory treatment with those who have not given their informed consent. Even the charter of basic human rights and freedom states in its article 6 that everyone has a right of life. The law specifies in which cases an individual can be accepted or can be held in a health care institution without his/her consent. In cases of so-called 'hunger strikers', the strikers refuse food and expose themselves to extreme starvation in order to reach some political goals or to express their views. If, in such situations, the patient endangers his/her life, the physician who is facing this problem is, according to Czech law and similarly to some other Central European laws, and according to the Ethical Code of the Czech Medical Chamber, bound to act to protect and restore the life and the health of that person. The Health Care Act No. 540/1991 of the Czech Republic states the obligation to provide emergency care to anyone whose life or health is threatened. Compulsory treatment is possible, for example, if an individual shows signs of mental disease or if an intoxication threatens him or his neighbourhood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1986

[Familial hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy as a cause of sudden death].

The causes of sudden deaths from cardiomyopathy are not among the most frequent, but their importance has gradually increased especially at the young age. Their occurrence in the material of Olomouc wards represent 1.65% of all sudden deaths. Etiopathogenesis, early diagnosis of a serious affection in the living patient and possible genetic factors represent the most important problems. The findings and the related problems have been demonstrated on the cases of two brothers at the age of 28 and 26 years in hypertrophic obstruction cardiomyopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Fatal occupational injuries due to falls from heights--from the viewpoint of causes of injuries and possibilities of prevention].

From a group of 2669 serious and 887 fatal work injuries in the North Moravian region in 1974-1983 injuries caused by fall from a high place were analyzed in more detail and in this group fatal injuries and severe injuries contracted during work of fitters. The authors deal in particular with the causes of 71 fatal and 243 severe injuries with regard to age, the time of the day, the time relation of the working shift, professiography and the effect of disease or alcohol. Obvious pathological causes were revealed in a minority of cases although in 69,7% of necropsies pathological changes were detected in the organism. The part played by alcohol is obvious only in 4.45%. Suggestions for a preventive orientation with emphasis on psychological factors are submitted.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1983

[Contribution to the problem of acute methanol poisoning].

The thanatological problem of acute methanol intoxications, similarly as the method of laboratory assessment, are urgent issues. Absolute levels of methanol concentration in blood are from the aspect of prognosis and lethal course resp. less important than the pH of blood and the value of the "base excess" [BE] on the one hand and cerebral oedema on the other hand. In 33 cases of acute methanol poisoning [including 12 fatal ones] the authors recorded survival at a maximum methanol blood concentration of 2.59 0/00 with pH values of 7.27 and BE -14, while death occurred already at a concentration of 0.70 0/00, pH 6.86 and BE -20.2. The authors consider pH values below 7.0 with BE values below -20 as critical. To concurrent administration of ethanol, even if administered on therapeutic grounds, due attention must be devoted. For detection and assessment of methanol in the blood stream and other biological fluids gas chromatography, "head space" technique, and diethyl ketone as an internal standard proved most useful. The authors demonstrate macroscopic and microscopic findings in organs of the deceased patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Wounds caused by lasers (forensic medicine aspects)].

Features and conditions of laser usage in medicine are concisely presented. Histopathological lesions of skin, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver and other organs are described characterizing injuries caused by CO2 laser in experimental of human surgical material. A narrow carbonized border and giant cell reparative reaction on the opposite margin, tissue and cell evaporization and a special type of muscle and adipose tissue necrosis enable discriminate laser injuries from surgical wounds and electrocautery injuries. Conditions of laser usage from the point of view of patient's safety and professional hygiene are shown.

Animals↗