PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L Newell-Morris

Publications and source records attributed to L Newell-Morris.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance among second-generation Japanese-American men.

We describe the initial findings from a multidisciplinary, epidemiologic study of diabetes mellitus conducted in a population of second-generation Japanese-American (Nisei) men born between 1910 and 1939 who reside in King County, Washington (n = 1746). From this study population, 487 volunteered, and 229 were enrolled to comprise the study sample. A random sample of Nisei men was also drawn from the population to develop a reference sample of 189 men. All subjects participated in a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test; the National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) and World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria as well as a modification of the WHO criteria were used to classify individuals with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or diabetes. Within the study sample, 79 men were found to have normal glucose tolerance, 72 had IGT, and 78 had type II diabetes. The mean age of the study sample was 61.4 yr. Based on comparison of the study sample to the reference sample, the study sample was ascertained to be representative of Nisei men in King County. Extrapolating from our observations in the reference sample and in the study sample, we have estimated that approximately 56% of Nisei men in the study population have abnormal glucose tolerance. Much of this is undiagnosed because only approximately 13% of the reference sample of Nisei men reported a prior diagnosis of diabetes. Of the men who enrolled in the study as nondiabetic subjects, 11.1% had diabetes and 39.2% had IGT; i.e., 50.3% had previously unknown abnormalities in glucose tolerance. We estimate that approximately 20% of Nisei men have diabetes (both previously diagnosed and undiagnosed) and approximately 36% have IGT.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Dermatoglyphic patterns and pattern intensities of Callicebus (primates: Cebidae): description and comparison of three species.

The palmar and plantar dermatoglyphic pattern types are described for three species of Callicebus (18 Callicebus moloch, 18 Callicebus torquatus and 7 Callicebus personatus). Mean pattern intensities (API) were calculated for each of seven areas of the palm and nine areas of the sole, and a summed mean total pattern intensity (TPI) for each volar surface. Nonparametric statistical testing showed no significant bilateral asymmetry or sexual dimorphism in pattern intensities. Pattern profiles describing the relative relationships of API values across the left palm and sole are presented. The profiles typical of the genus closely resemble those of Aotus and Saimiri. Significant interspecific differences, particularly in the plantar API values, were detected. The results are discussed with reference to the present taxonomic classification of the species of Callicebus and their postulated evolutionary history.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Neuro-skeletal topology of the primate basicranium: its implications for the "fetalization hypothesis".

The data above, and the literature reviewed, demonstrate that in 4 significant morphological characteristics the neuro-skeletal topology of the human basicranial regions is unique, and does not resemble that of any extant non-human primate at any fetal or postnatal age. These characteristics are: 1. the shape of the cranial base; 2. the composition of the anterior and posterior portions of that base; 3. the extent, or degree, of basicranial flexion; and 4. the extent, or degree, of brain flexion. On these bases, the craniological implications of Bolk's fetalization hypothesis cannot be supported.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Growth of the fetal pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) I. Cephalofacial dimensions.

The prenatal growth of the macaque cephalofacial region is described using cephalofacial measurements taken on 89 fetal Macaca nemestrina whose known gestational ages range from 60 to 184 days. During the prenatal period, the macaque neurocranium flattens and elongates in an anteroposterior direction; the height of the upper face increases at a faster rate than facial breadth, and the ear dimensions grow at a faster rate than any other cephalofacial dimension. Formulae based on the independent variables of ear height and bizygomatic diameter are recommended for estimating fetal age in this species.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Studies of the epidermal pattern system of the palms and soles of the howler monkeys (Alouatta) (author's transl)].

The epidermal pattern frequencies and pattern intensity values of the palms and soles are described for 110 male and 80 female howler monkeys (genus Alouatta) including the species A. belzebul, A. seniculus, A. caraya and A. villosa. Interspecific comparisons are made and obvious sex and side differences are noted. The plantar surface tends to show greater interspecific variability than does the palmar surface. A. caraya is possibly the most divergent species of the genus. Comparison of the results with those for Ateles and Lagothrix confirms the aberrant position of Ateles arachnoides.

Alouatta↗
PubMed1980

Trichromatic fluorescent vital labeling of bone in the fetal macque.

Mineralizing tissue was labeled in the macaque fetus by administering sequential vital bone labels to the pregnant female. The 3 labels used (DCAF, xylenol orange and minocycline) fluoresce different colors, thereby facilitating identification of discrete lines in the rapidly growing bone and a quantitative analysis of bone deposition in utero.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Craniofacial growth of fetal Macaca nemestrina: a cephalometric roentgenographic study.

The prenatal growth of the macaque craniofacial skeleton is described using lateral radiographs of 82 fetal and 25 neonatal Macaca nemestrina whose known gestational ages range from 50 to 186 days. The ossification sequences of the craniofacial bones resembles that in the human fetus. During gestation, the macaque neurocranium loses its round, globular shape, becoming flattened and elongated in an anteroposterior direction. In contrast, the morphologic pattern of the face is established early in fetal life, and little change takes place during the remaining prenatal period. The macaque craniofacial dimensions develop along the general skeletal growth pattern, unlike the human craniofacial dimensions, which follow an intermediate pattern between the neural and general skeletal patterns. However, despite minor differences, the macaque and human fetal faces follow the same basic patterns of growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Ossification in the hand and foot of the pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina). II. Order of appearance of centers and variability in sequence.

The order of appearance of the carpals, tarsals and secondary epiphyseal centers in the hand-wrist and foot-ankle regions of the fetal and infant pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) was reconstructed using a cross-sectional sample of 127 animals and a longitudinal one of 14 animals. Comparison of the most common sequence in the monkey with that described in the human studies showed major interspecific differences in the order of appearance of several groups of centers, particularly those involving the thumb and great toe. The monkey displays a degree of sequence variability equivalent to that documented by the human longitudinal data, with certain centers markedly variable in timing and/or order of appearance. The evidence from related animals suggests a strong genetic component underlying some of the variable sequences observed, as has been reported in the human studies. The demonstrated variability in both timing and sequence precludes the use of specific centers in the determination of gestational age in fetuses of unknown conception date.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Teratogenic effects of retinoic acid in pigtail monkeys (Macaca nemestrina). II. Craniofacial features.

The teratogenic effects of retinoic acid, the alcohol-soluble acid form of vitamin A, on the craniofacial complex of 11 macaque (Macaca nemestrina) whose mothers had received the compound from days 20 to 44 are described. The fetuses ranged in gestational age from 81 to 185 days and exhibited features of the so-called retinoic acid syndrome (RAS). The syndrome includes both craniofacial defects and postcranial anomalies of the musculoskeletal and urogenital systems. The craniofacial anomalies were described with reference to gross external appearance and radiographic observations. The most frequent findings were cleft palate, malformed ears, hypertelorism, exophthalmos, hypoplasia of the bone of the mid-face and mandible, a curvature of the inferior border of the mandible, retrognathia, and distortion of the cranium. Lateral cephalograms on nine animals of the RAS sample were measured using six linear dimensions which define the cranial base, face height, palatal length, and mandibular length. The measurements were plotted relative to normal curves which describe growth of the dimensions through the macaque fetal period. For their age, the abnormal animals were small in the craniofacial region. The same measurements were then plotted relative to the size of the fetus, to investigate the possibility of a differential response of the various craniofacial areas to the teratogen. Mandibular length and anterior cranial base were the most reduced dimensions, followed by anterior and posterior face height, with palatal length the least affected. Comparison of the features of the RAS syndrome in the macaque fetus with those reported for various human mandibulofacial dysostosis syndromes yields similarities, but there are enough differences to indicate that the syndromes are not identical in the two species. The utility of the approach used, wherein several craniofacial dimensions of the abnormal are assessed relative to normal growth curves and relative to body size, is emphasized.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1980

Age determination of the fetal and neonatal pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) from somatometric measurements.

Crown-rump length, foot length and body weight were measured on 134 pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) fetuses and neonates between 50 and 176 days of gestation. Regression analysis was performed and linear equations generated that described the relation of age to each linear measurement. From the equations, best fit curves (sex-combined for the linear dimensions and sex-specific for weight) were drawn. The three variables were all highly correlated with gestational age, with the standard error of the estimate 1 week or less in each case. On the basis of accuracy of age prediction, reliability and simplicity of measurement, foot length was the best linear measurement for determining age, particularly after 100 gestational days.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1979

Supernumerary epiphyses in the macaque (Macaca nemestrina).

The frequency, age distribution and development of supernumerary epiphyses in the hand and foot were radiographically documented in 98 macaque fetuses and infants. Extra epiphyses were observed only on distal metacarpal 1 and metatarsal 1, and were present in 15% of a cross-sectional sample and 20% of a longitudinal sample. They appeared coincidentally with the ossification of other secondary epiphyses of the hand and foot. Development of extra epiphyses in this species seems to be a normal phenomenon.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Ossification in the hand and foot of the macaque (Macaca nemistrina). I. General features.

The appearance of the secondary centers of ossification was investigated in hand and foot radiographs of 112 fetal and neonatal Macaca nemestrina and a maturational index calculated using a scoring system that differentiated between the initial and later stages of ossification. Cumulative incremental curves of skeletal maturation, constructed by plotting the maturational indices against gestational age, demonstrated three distinct periods of ossification: the First Acceleration when primary centers appear, the Plateau, and the Second Acceleration when the secondary centers ossify. Similar curves are constructed for human prenatal and postnatal ossification. The results are also compared with those reported for M. mulatta, and the bases of the observed differences are discussed. Compared with other primates, the fetal and neonatal macaque shows a developmental precocity which may be an ontogenetic adaptation to the socioecological setting of terrestrial life.

Animals↗