PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L O Bygren

Publications and source records attributed to L O Bygren.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Road characteristics and bicycle accidents.

In Umeå, Sweden, defects in the physical road surface contributed to nearly half of the single bicycle accidents. The total social cost of these injuries to people amount to at least SEK 20 million (SEK 60,000 or about USD 8,500 per accident), which corresponds to the estimated loss of "eight life equivalents a year". Improved winter maintenance seems to have the greatest injury prevention potential and would probably reduce the number of injuries considerably, whereas improved road quality and modification of kerbs would reduce the most severe injuries. A local traffic safety program should try to prevent road accidents instead of handling the consequences of them. In accordance with Parliament decisions on traffic we would like to see increased investment in measures favoring bicycle traffic, where cycling is seen as a solution, not as a problem.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1995

Health outcomes of post-hospital in-home team care: secondary analysis of a Swedish trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine patient and treatment-related factors predictive of health outcomes. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of a randomized trial with 6-month follow-up. After using bivariate and three-way analysis in the total sample to screen outcome predictors and interactions among baseline variables, multivariate logistic regression was used to model outcomes. SETTING: A county general hospital in central Stockholm, and patients' homes nearby. PATIENTS: Hospital inpatients stable for discharge from acute care, having at least one chronic condition, and dependent in 1 to 5 Katz activities of daily life (ADLs) were included. Subjects (mean age = 81.1 years) were randomized to "team" (n = 150) or "usual care" (n = 99). INTERVENTIONS: Team patients were eligible for in-home primary care by an interdisciplinary team that included a physician, physical therapist, and 24-hour nursing services and geriatric consultation where necessary. "Usual-care" patients received standard district nurse-administered services at home upon hospital discharge. MEASUREMENTS: Demographic, functional status, and medical characteristics were measured at randomization. Outcomes included survival and higher ADL, instrumental ADL (IADL), and outdoor ambulation scores. MAIN RESULTS: Multiple medical, social, behavioral, and functional factors were associated with outcomes. Primary cardiac disease, number of prescription drugs, alcohol abstinence, and baseline mental status all impacted 6-month survival. Controlling for other factors, team care improved the likelihood of ambulation independent of personal assistance at follow-up (P = .027), treating an estimated 10 patients per 1 benefiting. Further, rehabilitative in-home team care neutralized mortality and functional risk factors (low number of baseline contacts and coresidence) apparent in usual care. CONCLUSIONS: Heterogeneous clinical populations of older patients contain many prevalent characteristics important to outcomes. Secondary analysis of trials including interactions identifies treatable and untreatable risks, what program components may be effective, and who benefits.

Aftercare↗
PubMed1993

Perceived functional health of frail elderly in a primary home care programme and correlation of self-perception with objective measurements.

This study examined the effects of a primary home care intervention programme on self-assessed functional health, and the correlation of self-perception with objective measures in frail elderly subjects. Elderly patients about to be discharged from an acute hospital, at risk for institutionalization, were randomly assigned to physician-led primary home care or to standard care. After early post-hospital in-home intervention and assessment, ongoing medical care and treatment were monitored by a multidisciplinary team. Functional data were collected at baseline and after six months. Self-rated and objectively rated functional variables included medical factors, personal and instrumental activities of daily living, ambulation, and social activities and contacts. From study entry to follow-up, the scores for personal activities of daily living were significantly increased in team and control subjects as were social contacts in the team subjects (P = 0.03). No differences between team and control groups were found for self-rated functions from study entry to follow-up, except for a tentatively statistical significance in self-rated physical health in favour of the team subjects. Positive correlations were recorded between all self-rated and objectively rated functions, but they were stronger at follow-up. Physical health and social contacts were overrated, whereas indoor ambulation and social activities were underrated compared to objective measures at follow-up. Personal activities of daily living, were overrated at study entry, but showed substantial agreement at follow-up (0.62). Within demographic subgroups patients over 80 showed a stronger correlation between self-rated and objectively measured social functions after six months than younger patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1993

The cost-effectiveness of rehabilitation in the home: a study of Swedish elderly.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether care of elderly and disabled patients could be more cost-effective after a short-term hospital stay, we examined the impact of a primary home care intervention program on functional status, use and costs of care after 6 months. METHODS: When clinically ready for discharge from the hospital, chronically ill patients with dependence in one to five functions in personal activities of daily living were randomized to physician-led primary home care with a 24-hour service, and the controls were offered ordinary care. Physical, cognitive, social, and medical functions were assessed in 110 team subjects and 73 controls. Data regarding inpatient days and outpatient visits were collected and converted to costs. RESULTS: Team patients demonstrated better instrumental activities of daily living and outdoor walking and significantly fewer diagnoses and drugs at 6 months. They used less inpatient and more outpatient care compared with the control patients. Significant cost reductions were found in the team group. CONCLUSIONS: This primary home care intervention program is cost-effective, at least for a selection of patients at risk for long-term hospital care.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

Efficacy of the rehabilitation of elderly primary health care patients after short-stay hospital treatment.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a primary home care intervention program on patient outcomes after selected patients were discharged from a short-stay hospital. Random assignment of 249 frail, elderly patients was made to a group provided with physician-led primary home care, and home assistance service on a 24-hour basis, or to a control group given standard care. At randomization, patients were considerably disabled, had a mean age of 80.5 years, and had a high likelihood of long-stay hospital care. Medical and functional data were essentially the same at baseline for both groups. At 6-months follow-up, significant improvement in instrumental activities of daily living (P = 0.04) and outdoor walking (P = 0.03), and medical condition was found in the primary care intervention group compared with the controls and less utilization of long-stay hospital facilities was displayed in the team patients (P < 0.001) than in the controls. A selection of elderly, dependent patients can be cared for in their homes after short-stay hospital discharge and benefit from this primary home care intervention program in terms of improved medical and functional outcomes and less long-stay hospitalization.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

Reproduction and level of intelligence.

The study was conducted in a representative Swedish rural-urban population sample of 3,064 persons. The IQ factor was determined directly by a single well established procedure. No systematic association between IQ level and the mean number of children was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cancer incidence among Swedish brewery workers.

In order to examine the risks of cancer, particularly of rectal cancer, among Swedish brewery workers, 6,230 men employed in the brewery industry in 1960 were followed-up during 1961-79 by the Swedish Cancer Registry. Using all Swedish men as a reference group, relative risks (RR) were computed with standardization for year of birth, year of follow-up, and geographic region. A total of 712 new cases of cancer were observed compared to 570.7 expected (p less than 0.001). Significantly increased risks were seen for several cancer sites, e.g. esophagus (RR = 2.5, 95% confidence interval (Cl) = 1.5-3.8), rectum (RR = 1.7, Cl = 1.3-2.3), pancreas (RR = 1.7, Cl = 1.2-2.3), and lung (RR = 1.4, Cl = 1.1-1.7). An excess risk of liver cancer was almost significant (p = 0.053, RR = 1.7, Cl = 1.0-2.8). The risk of colon cancer was not significantly increased (RR = 1.2, Cl = 0.9-1.5), and the difference between the relative risk of colon cancer and that of rectum cancer was nearly significant (p = 0.07). Our results support the hypothesis that high beer consumption is associated with an increased risk of rectal cancer.

Adult↗