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Biomedical subjects

L Ollivier

Publications and source records attributed to L Ollivier.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Improving the interpretation of bone marrow imaging in cancer patients.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best technique for bone marrow imaging. The MRI signal of bone marrow depends on the quantity of fat it contains and on its cellularity. Evaluation of marrow of patients treated for cancer is complicated by age and osseous site related changes in the distribution of normal haematopoietic (red) and fatty (yellow) marrow and by the changes induced by treatments: decrease in pathological cellularity, increase in fat proportion, conversion of red marrow to fatty marrow or, conversely, reconversion of fatty marrow in normal haematopoietic red marrow. The treatments used in oncology modify pathological marrow but also normal marrow and may sometimes lead to complications. These modifications may be focal or diffuse, homogeneous or patchy and symmetrical or asymmetric. The knowledge of bone marrow physiological status and post-therapeutic patterns is important for the interpretation of marrow disorders and effects of therapy and to avoid false-positive diagnosis of marrow metastases and tumour progression. The aim of this paper is to recall the MRI patterns of normal bone marrow and normal variations and to show the effects of treatments on bone tissue and normal bone marrow and treatment-related modifications on pathological marrow.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2006

Genetic diversity analysis using lowly polymorphic dominant markers: the example of AFLP in pigs.

DNA markers are commonly used for large-scale evaluation of genetic diversity in farm animals, as a component of the management of animal genetic resources. AFLP markers are useful for such studies as they can be generated relatively simply; however, challenges in analysis arise from their dominant scoring and the low level of polymorphism of some markers. This paper describes the results obtained with a set of AFLP markers in a study of 59 pig breeds. AFLP fingerprints were generated using four primer combinations (PC), yielding a total of 148 marker loci, and average harmonic mean of breed sample size was 37.3. The average proportion of monomorphic populations was 63% (range across loci: 3%-98%). The moment-based method of Hill and Weir (2004, Mol Ecol 13:895-908) was applied to estimate gene frequencies, gene diversity (F(ST)), and Reynolds genetic distances. A highly significant average F(ST) of 0.11 was estimated, together with highly significant PC effects on gene diversity. The variance of F(ST) across loci also significantly exceeded the variance expected under the hypothesis of AFLP neutrality, strongly suggesting the sensitivity of AFLP to selection or other forces. Moment estimates were compared to estimates derived from the square root estimation of gene frequency, as currently applied for dominant markers, and the biases incurred in the latter method were evaluated. The paper discusses the hypotheses underlying the moment estimations and various issues relating to the biallelic, dominant, and lowly polymorphic nature of this set of AFLP markers and to their use as compared to microsatellites for measuring genetic diversity.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Communication between radiologist and cancer patients].

Along with advances in medicine and social evolution, we are seeing an increase in the number of patients afflicted with cancer, and a change in the doctor-patient relationship. Patients' rights are now registered in the Hospitalised Patient's Charter, the Huriet Act and the Act of March 4, 2002. The evolution in cancer diseases is monitored by a range of imaging examinations, putting the radiologist in the front line. Lesions are typically first detected by the radiologist. This task is complicated by the fact that radiologists usually have no formal training with regards to the disclosure of cancer diagnoses to patients. There is a great risk of inappropriate responses which can have a profoundly damaging effect on the patient's state of mind. Even if we have the best of ideals and intentions, there is a great need for us to examine and improve our modes of interaction, in dealing with the patient's need for information. The radiologist possesses technical know-how, but technique alone is not enough - the right amount of information, based on clinical competence, is required; but so is empathy towards the patient, and respect for his or her wishes and rights.

Communication↗
PubMed2006

[Improving overall patient care during imaging studies: the radiologist's CREDO and PERLES].

The protocols specifying the basic rules of the doctor-patient relationship that have been proposed in the literature are primarily intended for referring physicians, in particular oncologists. With regard to the improving radiologists' communication skills, a simple tool, RADPED, was developed to help residents in pediatric radiology to memorize the main points of the patient-radiologist interaction. We suggest a protocol, CREDO, more precisely appropriated to the everyday practice of medical imaging, in particular in oncology. This protocol relates not only to the radiologist-patient relationship, but also to the rules common to the department's entire team. The aims are to establish a partnership with the patient (for this purpose, we suggest using the PERLES model: partnership, excuses (apology), respect, legitimization, empathy, support), carrying out the examination under optimal conditions, listening to what the patient has to say, giving information and, above all, organizing the imaging department around the patient.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed2005

Doctor-patient relationship in oncologic radiology.

Progress in medicine and changes in our society have led to an increasing number of patients with cancer and a change in the doctor-patient relationship. Patients rights are now defined in several countries by laws. The course of cancer involves numerous imaging examinations in which the radiologist is primarily involved. It is often the radiologist who discovers abnormalities and who must break the news to the patient. This task is made all the more difficult by the radiologist's lack of specific training in the management of difficult situations such as announcing bad news. There is a high risk of inappropriate responses that can have a seriously damaging effect on the patient's state of mind. Even with the best intentions, it can be very profitable to review and improve our relational modalities and to more effectively meet the patient's increasing demand for information. The radiologist's technical know-how is not sufficient, as he must also be able to give just the right amount of information based on his clinical competence, and his relationship with patients while respecting their wishes and their rights.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Imaging in evaluation of response to neoadjuvant breast cancer treatment.

The role of imaging for patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer is not only to evaluate the therapeutic response in terms of tumour shrinkage, but also to predict the histological response to chemotherapy, which is correlated to survival. Surgery and histopathological analysis after neoadjuvant therapy allow for an objective assessment of the accuracy of imaging techniques in evaluating response. The aim of this study is to compare the value of the different conventional and functional imaging techniques for determining response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer treatment.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2005

[Correlation between rainfall and meningococcal meningitis in Niger].

The term "meningitis belt" was coined by Lapeyssonnie in 1963 to describe a zone in Africa where epidemic meningitis occurs sporadically during the dry season. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the recorded rainfall and reported incidence of meningococcal meningitis in Niger from 1996 to 2002. A total of 58 277 cases of meningococcal meningitis were reported in Niger during the study period. The mean annual incidence was 82.2 per 10(5) inhabitants. Two epidemic years occurred during the study period, i.e., 1996 with 183 cases per 105 inhabitants and 2000 with 140 cases per 10(5). The incidence increased during the dry season and decreased at the beginning of the rainy season. Calculation of the correlation coefficient between rainfall and incidence of meningococcal meningitis showed a statistically significant negative correlation (r = -0.27; P = 0.01). Neisseria meningitidis sero-group A was predominant but strains of Neisseria meningitidis sero-group W135 have been found in specimens collected since 2002. Outbreaks of meningococcal meningitis epidemics are multi-factorial. Multivariate analysis of all factors would allow implementation of preventive measures earlier than the epidemic prediction strategy based on threshold rates proposed by the World Health Organization.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of the response to treatment of solid tumours - a consensus statement of the International Cancer Imaging Society.

New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors using imaging techniques have major limitations and important implications for radiological workload. This consensus statement from the International Cancer Imaging Society (ICIS) reviews the RECIST criteria and addresses several challenges regarding tumour measurement. Recommendations are made regarding tumour measurement and other issues are raised. The growing need to introduce a multimodality approach to monitoring response is recognized. ICIS welcomes a dialogue with the authors of RECIST to address issues raised in this review.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2004

[Measures of impact in epidemiology].

After establishing a link between an exposure factor and occurrence of a disease, it is necessary to measure the impact on public health. The etiologic fraction, preventable fraction, and number of cases avoided can be used to measure such impact. The purpose of this article is to present the calculation and interpretation of these indicators using an example taken from the journal of Médecine Tropicale.

Disease Transmission, Infectious↗
PubMed2004

[Communicating about risks to public health].

The goals of public health risk communication are to explain the risks, to inform a community without causing a crisis, to implicate the population in decision-making, and to improve dialogue between organizations and communities. Based on a document entitled "Communicating about risks to public health: pointers to good practice", the authors of this article review the main principles relevant to health risk communication and present a list of key points for effective management of this communication.

Communication↗
PubMed2003

[CT and MR image fusion using two different methods after prostate brachytherapy: impact on post-implant dosimetric assessment].

PURPOSE: To study different methods of CT and MR images fusion in patient treated by brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer. To compare the results of the dosimetric study realized on CT slices and images fusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen cases of patients treated by I125 were retrospectively studied. The CT examinations were realized with contiguous section of 5mm thickness, and MR images were obtained with a surface coil with contiguous section of 3 mm thickness. For the images fusion process, only the T2 weighted MR sequence was used. Two processes of images fusion were realized for each patient, using as reference marks the bones of the pelvis and the implanted seeds. A quantitative and qualitative appreciation was made by the operators, for each patient and both methods of images fusion. The dosimetric study obtained by a dedicated software was realized on CT images and all types of images fusion. The usual dosimetric indexes (D90, V100 and V150) were compared for each type of image. RESULTS: The quantitative results given by the software of images fusion showed a superior accuracy to the one obtained by the pelvic bony reference marks. Conversely, qualitative and quantitative results obtained by the operators showed a better accuracy of the images fusion based on iodine seeds. For two patients out of three presenting a D90 inferior to 145 Gy on CT examination, the D90 was superior to this norm when the dosimetry was based on images fusion, whatever the method used. CONCLUSION: The images fusion method based on implanted seed matching seems to be more precise than the one using bony reference marks. The dosimetric study realized on images fusion could allow to rectify possible errors, mainly due to difficulties in surrounding prostate contour delimitation on CT images.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

[Correlation measures in epidemiology].

When a significant correlation has been noted between the occurrence of a disease and exposure to a risk factor, it becomes necessary to measure the strength of the correlation. This can be done using either relative risk or odds ratio techniques depending on the type of study. The purpose of article this article is to present guidelines for calculation and interpretation of these indicators using examples taken from the Médecine Tropicale journal.

Confidence Intervals↗
PubMed2003

[Malaria in military personnel: the case of the Ivory Coast in 2002-2003].

French troops were sent to the Ivory Coast on September 22, 2002 within the framework of Operation Unicorn in response to the political unrest. From September 22 to October 20, a total of 37 cases of malaria were reported, i.e., 35.7 cases per 1000 man-months. As of October 11, the central headquarters of the Armed Services Health Corps decided to use doxycycline as the exclusive agent for drug prophylaxis in military personnel on duty in the Ivory Coast and to enhance vector control measures. The incidence of malaria decreased to 2 cases per 1000 man-months at the sixth month. A recrudescence of malaria to 15 cases per 1000 man-months was observed with the rainy season in April. During this period one person presenting severe malaria with coma required emergency evacuation to France. In May 2003, several studies were undertaken to determine the factors that caused this recrudescence. These studies included surveys to evaluate awareness concerning malaria and monitor compliance with drug prophylaxis and tolerance of doxycycline, a case-control study to identify factors related to malarious episodes and an entomological study. Awareness of malaria was high with 75% of the 477 respondents stating that malaria could be transmitted by single mosquito bite. The case-control study showed a correlation between occurrence of malarious bouts and non-compliance with drug prophylaxis (p < 10(-5)). The odds-ratio was 3.05 (95% confidence interval, 1.52-6.14) for subjects claiming zero to one incident of non-compliance per week and 7.51 (IC95%, 3.24-17.40) for those claiming more than one incident of non-compliance per week. Tolerance of doxycyline was good since 72% of respondents reported no adverse effects. The main vector was Anopheles gambiae. The number of bites per man per night ranged from 25 to 2 and the number of infected bites ranged from 2 to 3 per week. Treatment was initiated promptly using quinine at a total dose of 25 mg/kg in 3 daily doses for 7 days by the intravenous then oral route. This experience shows that malaria remains a major concern for military forces, that standardization of preventive measures in emergency situations is needed, and that enhanced vector control, verification of compliance with drug prophylaxis and prompt treatment based on the presence of a physician in each emergency outpost is crucial. These recommendation must be applied to all French military personnel in the Ivory Coast.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Aseptic meningitis ornidazole-induced in the course of infectious endocarditis].

INTRODUCTION: Drug-induced aseptic meningitis (DIAM) has been reported as an uncommon adverse reaction to treatment, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NAIDS) stand for most of the published cases. EXEGIS: Our observation reports the first case of a meningeal syndrome with fever, after the administration of ornidazole, with biological aseptic meningitis with lymphocyte prodominance. Spontaneous recovery occurred within a few days and without sequelae. It involved a patient with endocarditis and revealing an intramucous sigmoid adenocarcinoma. The rest of the infection tests was negative. CONCLUSION: We concluded that we were in the presence of a DIAM, with ornidazole as the most probable implicated agent. This diagnosis is suggested in front of a recurring meningeal syndrome without any other apparent etiology, hence the importance of the questioning of the patient. Pending objective evidence usually provided by rechallenge, an antibiotic therapy is necessary, because it is, above all, a diagnosis of exclusion.

Aged↗