Biomedical subjects

L Osti

Publications and source records attributed to L Osti.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1998

[Algodystrophic syndrome of the temporo-mandibular joint: a clinical experience].

Algo-dysfunctional syndrome (ADS) of the temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) is frequently encountered and, since its clinical expression is extremely polymorphic, it is often misdiagnosed. As there are many causes for ADS, even in a single patient, in line with the most recent interpretations found in the literature, an attempt was made to determine how important the lack of muscular coordination is in the onset of clinical symptoms. The study was conducted on 48 patients (32 females, 16 males, age range 17-68 years, average age 41.7 years) with ADS, clinically diagnosed according to the criteria defined by Rendell et al. The patients belonged to three distinct groups: -Group 1: patients with ADS of articular origin (9 cases); -Group 2: patients with ADS of dental and/or periodontal origin (18 cases); -Group 3: patients with ADS for which there was no apparent cause (21 cases). All patients were treated with a rehabilitation protocol aimed at eliminating the muscle spasm and restoring correct coordination. The results obtained showed that conservative treatment to resolve the muscle spasm gave positive results in 69% of the cases. The patients with concomitant articular pathology proved the least responsive to treatment. It was, therefore, considered likely that the main cause for clinical expression of this pathology is the muscle spasm itself. On this basis it can be concluded that muscular rehabilitation of the TMJ is valid in the treatment of ADS as it has proved able to break the vicious cycle of symptoms at the base of this pathology.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

The diagnosis of acute complete tears of the anterior cruciate ligament. Comparison of MRI, arthrometry and clinical examination.

We reviewed 38 patients with arthroscopically-proven complete ACL tears operated on less than three weeks after injury. Their average age was 26 years (16 to 43), with 27 males and 11 females. All patients had had MRI preoperatively. The same examiner performed the Lachman, anterior-drawer, and pivot-shift tests without anaesthesia, recording the differences between the injured and the normal knees. The patients then had KT-1000 arthrometry by the same examiner at 15 lb (6.8 kg) and 20 lb (9 kg), with active displacement, and with maximum manual displacement. All scored positive for differences greater than 3 mm. The results of physical examination, KT-1000 tests and MRI were analysed using McNemar's test for matched data with continuity correction and a 95% confidence interval for each test. The sensitivity of the KT-1000 manual maximum test was 97% for 3 mm and 100% for 2 mm; this was the most useful arthrometric result. The Lachman test gave 95% sensitivity, providing the best simple clinical assessment. MRI was 97% sensitive for the detection of all ACL injuries, but this fell to 82% with respect to complete rupture. We found no significant differences between the results of the Lachman test and the KT-1000 manual maximum test, but these were significantly better than all other tests. In an era of cost-containment, we have shown that inexpensive tests in the clinic can allow treatment to proceed rapidly and in the most economical manner without the routine use of MRI.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1995

Biomechanics of two types of bone-tendon-bone graft for ACL reconstruction.

We measured the initial fixation strength of a new graft, bone-hamstring-bone (BHB), for reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in 79 porcine knees and compared it with that of the normal porcine ACL and of the bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPB) graft. All specimens were subjected to ultimate load to failure and cyclic loading tests to assess the amount of graft slippage. The ultimate load to failure for the intact ACL was 1266 +/- 250 N, for the BPB graft 663 +/- 192 N and for the BHB graft 354 +/- 92 N (p < 0.01). After cycling to 235 N (the maximum load for all groups without failure) the average residual displacements after removal of the load for the ACL, BPB and BHB grafts were 0.031 +/- 0.013 cm, 0.078 +/- 0.033 cm, and 0.322 +/- 0.222 cm, respectively (p < 0.01). For the BHB graft the load to failure was less and the amount of graft slippage was more than for the BPB graft. Neither form of reconstruction was as strong as the intact ACL.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Arthroscopic treatment of anterolateral ankle impingement.

Fifty-five ankle arthroscopies performed for anterolateral ankle impingement between January 1987 and April 1992 were reviewed for functional outcome and patient satisfaction. There were 33 men and 22 women with an average age of 34 years (range 20-67). All patients reported a previous history of ankle injury, and 60% of the patients had at least one ankle sprain. At an average follow up of 2.6 years (range 1.0-4.5), 87% of the patients had good/excellent results, 98% were satisfied, and 84% returned to their previous sports.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Meniscal ossicles: two case reports and a review of the literature.

Intrameniscal ossicles of the knee are rare lesions. We present two cases. The first case occurred in a male soccer player who had knee trauma, with radiographic findings of a meniscal ossicle. Meniscal motions were normal, and symptoms resolved with conservative measures. The second case was found in a male athlete with acute medial compartment instability and complex meniscal tears. His medial meniscus, containing the ossicle, was removed. Initial conservative management is recommended for all cases of meniscal ossicle, and arthroscopic resection of the ossicle is recommended for symptomatic cases.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Partial lateral meniscectomy in athletes.

Arthroscopic partial lateral meniscectomies performed for isolated meniscal tears, without associated ligamentous injury, in 41 athletes between August 1, 1988 and June 1, 1991 were reviewed for clinical and functional outcome. The study population was composed of 27 males and 14 females, with an average age of 26 years (range 17-40). Thirty-seven patients (90%) reported previous trauma to the knee. At an average follow-up of 3 years (range 2-5), 85% of the patients had excellent/good results, and 98% of the athletes returned to full sports activities after an average of 55 days. Patients' prognoses depended on (a) type of meniscal tear and (b) presence/absence of an articular cartilaginous lesion. Athletes who had isolated, longitudinal type tears of the lateral meniscus had the best outcome: 100% achieved excellent/good results and averaged 41 days to return to full sports activities. Athletes with complex meniscal tears and tears associated with articular cartilaginous lesions had the poorest results, achieving 79% and 64% excellent/good results, respectively, and averaging 64 and 78 days, respectively, for return to full sports activities.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Ganglion cysts of the anterior cruciate ligament: a case report and review of the literature.

Ganglion cysts on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) should be suspected in any patient having pain and clicking sensation during terminal knee extension. Previous investigators have reported incidental findings of ganglion cysts on the ACL. However, we report a symptomatic case of a ganglion cyst on the ACL that was treated successfully with arthroscopic debridement.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Anterior cruciate ligament tear. A new diagnostic index on magnetic resonance imaging.

An objective index of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears based on posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) shape has been introduced. The PCL shapes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were measured in 67 patients (31 normal ACL, 31 torn ACL, and five partial ACL tears, all confirmed by arthroscopy). All of the measurements were performed in a blinded manner, without previous knowledge of the MRI or arthroscopy diagnosis. The index consisted of the ratio B/A, with B equaling the length of the line between the posterior inferior tibial and the superior anterior femoral attachment of the PCL, and A equaling the maximum perpendicular distance from this line to the PCL. All measurements were performed twice, and the mean was used for statistical significance. The average index ratio was 5.4 and 3.9 for normal ACL and torn ACL, respectively. Using a cutoff value of 4.75, the sensitivity of the index was 87% and the specificity was 84%. An objective and reproducible index measurement of PCL shape for normal and injured ACL has been established. It provides additional information for both orthopaedic surgeons and radiologists in the diagnosis of ACL injury.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Serum zinc concentration in exclusively breast-fed infants and in infants fed an adapted formula.

Serum zinc concentrations have been determined in 28 healthy full-term Italian infants of both sexes at birth, as well as at 3 and at 5 months of age. Fourteen exclusively breast-fed infants who served as a control group were compared with 14 infants fed a cow's milk based adapted infant formula. No significant differences in serum zinc concentration between the breast-fed and the bottle-fed group became apparent during the study. The results of this study suggest a similar zinc nutriture in both groups. The availability of zinc from the adapted infant formula was not significantly different from that of human milk. These findings may be explained by the composition of the adapted formula tested, e.g. by a protein composition fairly close to that of human milk, by the presence of zinc derived from the natural ingredients only, by the low Fe/Zn ratio and by the elevated citrate content.

Breast Feeding↗

PubMed1983

[Possibility of prenatal diagnosis of progressive muscular dystrophy: evaluation of creatine kinase activity in serum and the capping of lymphocytes].

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a severe inherited disease. The pathogenesis is unknown. Duchenne dystrophy is characterized by a large number of membrane abnormalities, which are manifested by a leakage of muscle enzymes, such as creatine kinase (CK), and a reduction in cap formation in lymphocytes. In the present study serum CK and percentage lymphocyte capping in 8 patients with progressive muscular dystrophy, 6 with different myopathies and normal controls are investigated. Reduced antibody-induced redistribution of membrane antigens of B and T lymphocytes and high serum CK activity is found in boys with Duchenne dystrophy if compared with normal subjects and no correlation exists between the two parameters. Our data indicate that the determination of fetal serum CK activity associated with fetal lymphocyte capping may have diagnostic value in antenatal detection of Duchenne dystrophy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Suprarenal abscess in a newborn.

A case report of a new born with unilateral suprarenal abscess extending in to the right kidney is represented. Both the adrenal gland and the kidney had to be surgically removed. Early diagnosis is important, so the surgical intervention, the only successful therapy, can be kept as conservative as possible.

Abscess↗

PubMed1979

A radiopharmaceutical in the diagnosis of congenital biliary atresia.

Diethyl-HIDA, a new hepatobiliary radiopharmaceutical labeled with 99mTc, was used in the preoperative diagnosis of biliary atresia and in the postoperative evaluation of hepatic-porto-enterostomy function. The good results obtained in the four first cases suggest extensive use of the method, with the aim of a more precocious and more attendable diagnosis.

Acetanilides↗

PubMed1976

A study of nine polymorphic systems in the population of the Po Delta.

The present work reports a study of nine genetic polymorphic systems in the area of the Po Delta where malaria was endemic since the XIV century. Our data confirm some characteristics of this population already reported by other authors such as the high prevalence of thalassemia, the low prevalence of the rh (d) gene and the presence of G-6-PD deficiency. Among the other systems studied, i.e., AP, PGM1 ADA and AK, only AP frequencies of Po Delta population are significantly different from those of other continental Italian populations, the PC allele showing the lowest frequency so far observed.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1971