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Biomedical subjects

L P Nelson

Publications and source records attributed to L P Nelson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Emergency management of oral trauma in children.

Oral trauma continues to be a common pediatric emergency, accounting for 150 emergency room dental consultations per year at Children's Hospital in Boston. Children between the ages of 18 months and 2.5 years and between 8 and 11 years are most at risk. Recent advances in the management of these dental emergencies may help children and their families avoid the psychological and financial cost of infection or loss of primary and permanent teeth. Treatment of avulsions in the young permanent dentition remains a common problem, and a universally accepted approach to its management is still evolving. The use of a doxycycline immersion prior to reimplantation by the dentist may be helpful in preventing external root resorption. As always, the best therapy against dentofacial trauma is the pediatrician's support of preventive measures.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of metoclopramide hydrochloride as an aid for passage of a flexible endoscope into the duodenum of dogs.

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of metoclopramide to aid passage of a flexible endoscope into the duodenum of dogs, and to determine whether the effect of metoclopramide is dependent on dose. In a randomized, blinded, complete-block design, 6 healthy dogs were anesthetized, then each was given saline solution or 1 of 4 doses of metoclopramide on different days. The ease of passage of a flexible, fiberoptic gastroscope through the pylorus was assessed independently by 3 endoscopists. Administration of metoclopramide hydrochloride at a dosage of 0.4 mg/kg of body weight, iv, made passage of a flexible endoscope into the duodenum significantly (P = 0.009) more difficult than when saline solution was administered; however, dosages of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.8 mg of metoclopramide/kg did not (P = 0.489, 0.842, and 0.092 respectively). It was concluded that metoclopramide did not facilitate, and at one dosage hindered, successful passage of a flexible endoscope into the duodenum of healthy dogs under the conditions of the study. Metoclopramide, therefore, cannot be recommended as an aid for passage of a flexible endoscope into the duodenum of dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of atropine, glucagon, and metoclopramide for facilitation of endoscopic intubation of the duodenum in dogs.

Modification of gastroduodenal motility has been proposed to aid endoscopic examination of the duodenum in dogs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the following pharmacologic agents for facilitation of endoscopic intubation of the duodenum in 6 clinically normal dogs: metoclopramide HCl (0.2 mg/kg of body weight), atropine sulfate (0.045 mg/kg), glucagon (0.06 mg/kg), and isotonic saline solution. In a randomized, blinded, crossover design, the ease of endoscopic duodenal intubation was qualitatively scored by 3 endoscopists (in random order), using the following scale: 1 - immediate entry; 2 - rapid entry--moderate manipulation; 3 - difficult entry--multiple attempts; and 4 - no entry after 2 minutes [corrected]. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental and maintained with halothane. The 4 agents were diluted to a fixed volume and randomly administered. Duodenal intubation was attempted 2 minutes after IV injection of 1 of the agents. Four endoscopic procedures (1 for each agent) were performed on each dog with a minimum of 5 days between each procedure. In this study, no agent facilitated endoscopic duodenal intubation at the dose used. Instead, atropine and metoclopramide made duodenal intubation significantly more difficult, compared with use of saline solution. Difference between intubation after administration of glucagon and saline solution was not seen. On the basis of our findings, the use of these agents for facilitating endoscopic duodenal intubation is not recommended. In addition, in this study, we found that experience in endoscopic intubation is an important factor in determining the ease of duodenal intubation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Today's dental student is training for tomorrow's elderly baby boomer.

We are constantly reminded of the exploding elderly population and the increasing demand to meet their needs. But do we fully understand and appreciate the impact that this fastest-growing segment of the population will have upon our profession? Whether we realize it or not, today's dental student is training for tomorrow's elderly baby boomer. The baby boomer generation is 76 million strong, representing 19 years worth of births spanning from 1946-1964. That makes the oldest baby boomer 55 years old and the youngest 37 years old. What does this all mean? That from 2011-2030, the age group of 65 years of age and older will make up approximately 22% of the population, vastly changing our patient population, not to mention a significant increase in patient load. The future holds promise for not only a busy career, but also potentially a financially rewarding one as well. To some extent, we are all going to be geriatric clinicians. There is little doubt that there will be a great demand for services in restorative dentistry, prosthodontic dentistry, endodontics, periodontics, oral surgery, and perhaps orthodontics. As the baby boomers benefited from fluoride and sanitation, more people have been able to maintain their dentition and health into their older years. Dental students graduating today will be only beginning the prime of their careers as the baby boomers make their introduction in full force in the year 2011.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of palatal and alveolar cysts of the newborn in premature and full-term infants.

PURPOSE: The frequency of cysts has been reported to be high in newborns, but they are rarely seen after three months of age. There has been a lack of studies describing the clinical prevalence in the premature infant after 22 weeks and less than 37 weeks gestation. The purpose of this study was to quantify and describe the clinical prevalence of palatal and alveolar cysts in premature infants as compared to full term infants. METHODS: Sixty premature infants, born at less than 37 weeks gestation, and 60 term infants, born greater than 37 weeks gestation, were examined in the first few days after birth for the presence of palatal and alveolar cysts. Alveolar cysts were further classified according to location as either maxillary or mandibular, and anterior or posterior. Information regarding birth weight, race, sex, and maternal health during pregnancy was also collected. RESULTS: The prevalence of palatal cysts in the premature infant (9%) is less than the prevalence in term infants (30%), to a statistically significant level (P < 0.004, by the Fisher's exact test). Differences between preterm and term infants were also noted in the prevalence of maxillary anterior alveolar cysts, (preterm having 27% and term 58%, P < 0.0005) and maxillary posterior alveolar cysts (preterm 2% and term 10%, P < 0.06). The prevalence of palatal and maxillary alveolar cysts was demonstrated to increase with increasing gestational age, increasing postnatal age, and increasing birth weight (by plots of cumulative percent). No significant differences were found for gender or for race. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of palatal and alveolar cysts in the premature infant is less than the prevalence in the full term infant to a statistically significant level. Palatal and maxillary alveolar cysts increase with increasing gestational age, post-natal age, and birth weight.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Year one dental visit.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An update in pediatric seizure disorders.

Recent advances in knowledge of pediatric seizure disorders, including classification of seizure types and febrile convulsions, have been the topics of major symposia. In light of these recent developments, an in-depth review is presented to aid the pediatric dentist in the treatment of these children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

AIDS: children with HIV infection and their families.

Surgeon General Koop charged the group attending a conference workshop at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia with making recommendations to help set national policy regarding AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Latex allergies in children with spina bifida: relevance for the pediatric dentist.

Latex is ubiquitous in pediatric dentistry and medical practice. Children with spina bifida and other urogenital abnormalities are at great risk for hypersensitivity reactions during dental treatment. Four representative cases of children with latex allergies at one institution are presented. A latex-avoidance protocol is presented with suggested instrument and equipment alternatives.

Adolescent↗