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Biomedical subjects

L P Sterling

Publications and source records attributed to L P Sterling.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Beta adrenergic agonists.

Beta adrenergic agonists are the most widely used agents in the management of bronchospasm as a result of their rapid onset of action and predictable efficacy. Administration of these agents by inhalation provides several advantages, including rapid effect, decreased adverse effects, and fewer drug interactions. The newer agents have greater beta-2 selectivity, which contributes to improved tolerance of these agents. Tremor is usually the dose-limiting side effect for the beta-2 selective agents. Other adverse effects include tachycardia, increased blood pressure, headache, anxiety, abnormal glucose metabolism, and hypokalemia. Controversy surrounding the use of beta adrenergic agonists includes reports of an increased mortality rate with increased use of these agents. Current information is inconclusive and should not limit the use of these agents in the management of acute bronchospasm. The significance of tolerance with prolonged administration is also an unresolved issue.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Rheumatoid arthritis: current concepts and management, Part 2.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic disorder, but primarily involves chronic polyarticular inflammation. Conservative nondrug therapy and NSAIDs are indicated initially and are effective treatment for many RA patients. For those individuals with progressive unresponsive disease an SAARD should be used. All SAARDs exhibit severe and frequent adverse effects with the risk-to-benefit ratio being the determining factor in deciding which agent to use. The first to be used is usually a gold compound; antimalarials and penicillamine provide alternatives to gold therapy. Sulfasalazine may gain a role in the therapy of early progressive RA. Methotrexate has recently been given FDA approval for use in RA and can be used, if the first three agents fail. Azathioprine and cyclophosphamide are cytotoxic agents with an increased risk of producing malignancies, but their use is sometimes required to halt serious progressive RA. Chlorambucil or cyclosporin A are relatively toxic agents that may play a role in treating refractory RA. Corticosteroids should be used for short-term adjunctive therapy as intra-articular injections or oral therapy in individuals refractory to all other therapies. The use of SAARDs early in RA or in combination with one another is controversial.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Influence of an antacid containing aluminum and magnesium on the pharmacokinetics of cefixime.

Interaction studies in dogs have indicated that antacids significantly decrease the oral bioavailability of cefixime. Twelve healthy adult male volunteers participated in a randomized, four-way crossover trial to evaluate the influence of an aluminum-magnesium antacid (Maalox; 20 ml) on the pharmacokinetics of cefixime (400 mg). Regimens were (i) cefixime alone; (ii) cefixime simultaneous with antacid; (iii) cefixime 2 h before antacid; and (iv) cefixime 2 h after antacid. Serial blood and urine samples were collected over a 24-h period following each dose of cefixime. There was a 1-week washout interval between regimens. Cefixime concentrations in serum and urine were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Maximum cefixime concentrations in serum for regimens i through iv were (mean +/- standard deviation) 4.9 +/- 1.4, 5.7 +/- 1.3, 5.1 +/- 1.0, and 5.5 +/- 1.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. Corresponding values for area under the serum concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity were 38.3 +/- 14.5, 42.8 +/- 13.9, 38.5 +/- 9.8, and 41.6 +/- 16.7 micrograms.h/ml. There was a trend toward increased concentrations in serum and area under the curve of cefixime when it was administered concomitantly with antacid; however, these differences were not statistically significant (P greater than 0.05; analysis of variance). We conclude that single-dose administration of an aluminum-magnesium antacid does not significantly decrease the oral bioavailability of cefixime.

Adult↗