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Biomedical subjects

L Pal

Publications and source records attributed to L Pal.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Pathological lesions in HIV positive patients.

Pathomorphological features of 10 HIV positive individuals studied at autopsy and biopsy are described. Nine patients had evidence of neuro-AIDS and eight of them succumbed to various opportunistic infections. One surviving patient underwent a diagnostic lymph node biopsy which revealed tuberculous lymphadenopathy. Cryptococcal meningitis was the commonest CNS opportunistic infection, seen in five cases, with disseminated systemic cryptococcosis in two. The other opportunistic infections included toxoplasma encephalitis in two, with acanthamoeba infection in one patient. Pulmonary tuberculosis was noted in three patients while other bacterial infections such as meningococcal meningitis, pseudomonas septicaemia were observed in three and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in one. One seropositive individual was clinically asymptomatic but succumbed to a road traffic accident. The brain in this case showed features of HIV associated early leucoencephalopathy. Bacterial infections caused by organisms other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis associated with AIDS are often underdiagnosed and should be considered, especially in developing countries. In cases of cryptococcal and tuberculous meningitis or multiple parasitic infections, the patients should be screened for associated HIV infection.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

Disseminated Burkitt's lymphoma presenting as multiple cranial nerve palsies.

A case of disseminated Burkitt's lymphoma with nervous system involvement in a HIV negative 35 year old lady is described. She primarily presented with multiple cranial nerve palsies. At autopsy, diffuse involvement of parenchymatous organs and lymphomatous meningitis with conspicuous sparing of gastrointestinal system was observed. In addition, there was an unusual feature of paraneoplastic demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. Incidentally, a large hydatid cyst was also seen in the left lobe in addition to the lymphomatous involvement of the liver.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Importance of current ultrasonic study methods for the diagnosis, follow-up of treatment effectiveness and prognosis of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy].

The potentialities and importance of methods of ultrasonic investigation including two-dimension and Doppler echocardiography were demonstrated in the diagnosis of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and in the detection of hemodynamic characteristics of the disease in different patients. Hemodynamic characteristics revealed by echocardiography could serve as a basis for an individual choice of therapy and assessment of its effectiveness during long-term treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Left ventricular regional function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (computerized echocardiographic data)].

Computerized echography was used to assess left-ventricular dysfunction in 40 patients with dilatation cardiomyopathy (DCM). The so-called "floating" system was shown to be the most acceptable model for the correction of DCM-associated superposition. An original system was used for segment division by two- and four-chamber projections. Total left-ventricular hypokinesia and a significant reduction of the total ejection fraction (32.5 +/- 1.9%) were demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differentiation of calcification from chronic hemorrhage with corrected gradient echo phase imaging.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study was to prospectively evaluate the role of corrected gradient echo phase imaging in differentiation of calcified granuloma from chronic hemorrhage. METHOD: Eighty-five patients with single/multiple calcifications and hemorrhages irrespective of their location were studied with corrected gradient echo phase imaging. In all the cases, CT was used as the gold standard for the presence/absence of calcification. RESULTS: All calcified lesions showed positive phase, whereas chronic hemorrhages showed negative phase in all cases. Five calcified lesions showed no phase shift at TE =15 ms and positive shift at TE = 35 ms. Heterogeneous phase shift was observed in three calcified lesions at TE = 35 ms; all three lesions showed positive phase shift at TE = 15 ms. There was no site-specific problem in differentiation of calcification from chronic hemorrhage including in the basal ganglia. CONCLUSION: We conclude that calcified granuloma can be easily differentiated from chronic hemorrhage with corrected gradient echo phase imaging, which may obviate the need for CT for its confirmation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neural network prediction of 3(10)-helices in proteins.

Secondary structure prediction from the primary sequence of a protein is fundamental to understanding its structure and folding properties. Although several prediction methodologies are in vogue, their performances are far from being completely satisfactory. Among these, non-linear neural networks have been shown to be relatively effective, especially for predicting beta-turns, where dominant interactions are local, arising from four sequence-contiguous residues. Most 3(10)-helices in proteins are also short, comprising of three sequence-contiguous residues and two capping residues. In order to understand the extent of local interactions in these 3(10)-helices, we have applied a neural network model with varying window size to predict 3(10)-helices in proteins. We found the prediction accuracy of 3(10)-helices (approximately 14%), as judged by the Matthew's Correlation Coefficient, to be less than that of beta-turns (approximately 20%). The optimal window size for the prediction of 3(10)-helices was about 9 residues. The significance and implications of these results in understanding the occurrence of 3(10)-helices and preferences of amino acid residues in 3(10)-helices are discussed.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intracranial neurothekeoma--a rare parenchymal nerve sheath myxoma of the middle cranial fossa.

Neurothekeomas are rare, benign nerve sheath tumors, usually arising from cutaneous nerves in the head and neck region. So far, only 4 cases of the intracranial counterpart have been reported and these were located in the posterior fossa, sellar and parasellar region. We report here the first case of neurothekeoma located deep inside the brain parenchyma. Histologically, the tumor had lobular appearance with bland morphology in spite of cellular pleomorphism, myxoid background and variable S-100 positivity, characteristics of neurothekeomas. The schwannian origin was further confirmed ultrastructurally by demonstrating basal lamina and Luse bodies. Because of its benign nature, the lesion does not need postoperative radiotherapy. Histogenesis of neurothekeoma arising in the parenchyma remains enigmatic. The probable cell of origin could be the Schwann cell or perineurial cell of the nerve twigs around the blood vessels or by extreme differentiation of the precursor cell resting in a suitable microenvironment to the schwannian phenotype.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of office hysteroscopy, transvaginal ultrasonography and endometrial biopsy in evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding.

OBJECTIVE: A comparison between office hysteroscopy, transvaginal ultrasonography and endometrial biopsy was performed, in terms of detection of intrauterine lesions. A secondary objective was assessment of evaluatory approach in the management of abnormal uterine bleeding in an outpatient setting. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 54 women were evaluated for abnormal uterine bleeding. Assessment included performance of an endometrial biopsy, a transvaginal ultrasound scan followed by office hysteroscopy. Results of hysteroscopy were taken as the gold standard. Sensitivity and specificity of the investigations were assessed. The bleeding pattern was classified as heavy regular, irregular, postmenopausal and heavy or unscheduled bleeding on hormone replacement therapy. RESULTS: The incidence of focal intrauterine lesions in patients presenting with abnormal bleeding was 52% for all ages and 31% for the postmenopausal group. Seventy-five percent of the patients with Hb < 11 gm% and 67% with an enlarged uterus harbored a focal pathology. The incidence of lesions in patients with heavy regular bleeding was 74%. The sensitivity and specificity of transvaginal ultrasound when compared with results of hysteroscopy was 0.60 and 0.88 respectively. A normal endometrial biopsy had a negative predictive value of 51%. The sensitivity and specificity of endometrial biopsy were 0.04 and 0.83, respectively. CONCLUSION: Both transvaginal ultrasound and endometrial biopsy exhibited poor sensitivity for detection of focal intrauterine lesions. Considering the significantly high incidence of intrauterine lesions in patients presenting with abnormal bleeding, the most cost-effective approach appears to be proceeding with hysteroscopy early in assessment.

Adult↗