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Biomedical subjects

L Palm

Publications and source records attributed to L Palm.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Sleep and wakefulness after treatment for craniopharyngioma in childhood; influence on the quality and maturation of sleep.

Craniopharyngiomas are situated in immediate vicinity of sleep regulating structures in the basal forebrain area, and the tumor and its treatment might influence the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. In 10 patients treated for craniopharyngioma nighttime sleep quality and daytime vigilance were examined with polygraphic sleep records and multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT). Two girls and 8 boys, 7.1-22.9 years of age, were studied after a follow-up time of 1.5-16.1 years postoperatively. The results were compared to those of 18 normal children. The regulation of the ultradian sleep rhythm was normal but the ability to maintain nighttime sleep was severely disturbed. The patients had an increased number of awakenings and spent long time awake during two recorded nights. Two patients had excessive daytime somnolence during this examination, one after severe sleep disturbance, the other without any known cause. The pattern of sleep and vigilance did not change in puberty in the expected fashion. The disturbances may well have an impact on the psychosocial situation of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Sleep and wakefulness in preadolescent children with deficits in attention, motor control and perception.

In 10 children with deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP), the relation between daytime vigilance and night-time sleep quality was examined with polygraphic sleep recordings, multiple sleep latency tests and measurements of reaction times. Two girls and eight boys, 6-12 years of age were studied. Eighteen normal children served as controls. Normal sleep regulation and sleep quality was found, but the children with DAMP tolerated the recording procedure less well than the controls. Most patients did not suffer from increased daytime sleepiness, but at MSLT 3, patients had short sleep latencies as in daytime hypersomnolence. Reaction times were significantly longer among the patients than among the controls. It is proposed that the findings may be related to functional changes in the forebrain.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1991

Correction of non-24-hour sleep/wake cycle by melatonin in a blind retarded boy.

A 9-year-old, blind boy with severe mental retardation with a chronic sleep/wake disturbance had a circadian rhythm of 24.75 hours and an internal desynchronization of the endogenous rhythms. Treatment with oral melatonin given at 6 PM induced a regular sleep/wake pattern. Melatonin, in this patient, convincingly entrained the endogenous rhythm to the appropriate chronological 24-hour day.

Blindness↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of information on dental health care at child health centers. Differences in educational level, attitudes, and knowledge among parents of preschool children with different caries experience.

The aim of this study was to interpret the manner in which information on dental health care, systematically offered at child health centers, is assimilated among parents of preschool children with different caries experience. The material comprised children who, on the basis of defined criteria were classified as 'healthy' or 'diseased' with regard to caries and restorations. The investigation was mainly performed as telephone interviews with the parents. The results showed no difference between the groups with regard to diet, oral hygiene, and use of fluorides. However, parents of healthy children had a statistically significantly higher level of education than parents of diseased children. The level of education did not influence the knowledge as such but rather the ability to put the knowledge into practice. Parents of healthy children claimed to a greater extent than parents of diseased children to have received a combination of verbal and written information. This could be because the first group had a greater interest in assimilating new information and in creating a two-way communication with the informer. This is probably an effect of the level of education and confirms that it is essential to make people aware of the information's importance rather than merely teaching facts.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1991

Effects of a community risk factor reducing programme on weight, body fat distribution, and lipids in obese women.

All women aged 45-64 (n = 1084) in the community of Strömstad, Sweden, were invited to a health survey aimed at identifying cardiovascular risk factors. Adiposity as a risk factor was defined as body mass index (BMI: kg/m2) greater than or equal to 30 or waist-to-hip ratio (W/H ratio; cm/cm) greater than or equal to 0.82 or both. All persons who fulfilled these criteria for adiposity (n = 208) were invited to an educational programme. Of these 208 women, 31 per cent were willing to take part in the educational programme. Participants with W/H ratio greater than or equal to 0.82 but BMI less than 30 reduced their body weight, BMI, waist circumference. W/H ratio and serum triglyceride levels significantly, compared to the corresponding non-participants. Their triglyceride levels were reduced by 21 per cent. Participants with BMI greater than or equal to 30 and W/H less than 0.82 only reduced their body weight and BMI significantly. It seems justified to pay special attention to subjects with abdominal adiposity when planning for preventive work in women.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1977

Bladder function after hemipelvectomy.

Bladder function was studied in seven patients, 5 to 90 months after hemipelvectomy. The urological investigation comprised i.v. urography, micturition-cysto-urethrography, cystoscopy, cystometry and urodynamic investigations in terms of simultaneous flow and pressure measurements. Hemipelvectomy was found not to give rise to disturbances in micturition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Urodynamic evaluation of female incontinence.

Several diseases of the female bladder are accompanied by stress incontinence or some other form of incontinence. By using micturition cystourethrography, visualizing the bladder in lateral views, with simultaneous recording of micturition pressure and flow, a distinction may be made between the individual diseases, as they often exhibit characteristic radiological configurations and urodynamic patterns. It is also possible, by comparing with measurements in control material, to decide the best physiological method of abolishing the incontinence. This method of examination has proved particularly suitable in cases with a history of unsuccessful operation for incontinence. Stress incontinence has been found to be associated mainly with descent of the bladder, a reduced urethral resistance, and cystoceles; it also occurs as a sequel to radical operations on the true pelvis and in a number of neurological diseases. In practically all cases it has been possible to abolish incontinence by the following surgical plan: descent of the bladder to be treated by colpoperineoplasty, reduced urethral resistance and incontinence following radical hysterectomy or extirpation of the rectum by colposuspension, and cystoceles by reduction of the cystocele and colpoperineoplasty.

Cystoscopy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Daytime sleep tendency before and after discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs in preadolescent children with epilepsy.

In 9 preadolescent children treated for epilepsy who had been free from seizures long enough for treatment to be discontinued, daytime vigilance was studied before and after discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Comparisons were made with healthy controls. Multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), EEG, and a questionnaire were used. As part of the analysis of the MSLT, a new measure, the daily average sleep tendency (DAST), was constructed to overcome the problems with data censoring of the classic MSLT analysis. The patients had significantly (p less than 0.001) higher daytime sleep tendency, even after drug discontinuation, than controls, a result that could neither be attributed to AED treatment nor to recent epileptic seizures or complicated epilepsy.

Anticonvulsants↗