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Biomedical subjects

L Papoz

Publications and source records attributed to L Papoz.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Drug sales data and prevalence of diabetes in France.

The importance of diabetes in France was estimated on the basis of drug sales data from 1976 to 1982. In 1982, 1.1% of the French population was taking oral hypoglycaemic agents daily, and 0.2%, insulin. These results are compared with the prevalence of diabetes (1.9%) estimated in a 1976 French epidemiologic study carried out on a random sample of practitioners, and other European estimates. The particularly high consumption of oral antidiabetic agents in France is then addressed, in relation to diagnosis and prescription habits.

Biguanides↗
PubMed1986

[Longitudinal study of the changes in glycosylated hemoglobin in normal pregnancy].

A longitudinal study of HbA1c levels during normal pregnancy was carried out on 54 women. Three measurements were systematically performed around the 14th, the 24th and the 33rd weeks of gestation. On average, an initial decrease was observed in the first period, followed by a significant increase in the second period. The latter increase was negatively related to age (r = -0.33; p less than 0.05) and to prepregnancy weight (r = -0.26; p = 0.06), but neither to the birth weight of the offspring nor to total weight gain. The variation of HbA1c in the first period was not related to any of these four factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A study of the microheterogeneity of transferrin in cirrhotic patients.

In order to assess the specificity of transferrin molecular changes, we compared concentrations of subfractions and total transferrin in cirrhotic patients, in patients having non-alcoholic hepatitis, in patients with liver cancer, and in controls. The study was carried out in 79 patients divided into four groups: 20 patients with biopsy-proven cirrhosis of alcoholic origin, 20 patients with non-alcoholic hepatitis, 19 patients with liver cancer and 20 controls. Subfractions of serum transferrin were separated by isoelectric focusing followed by direct immunofixation. Fractions pI 5.7 percentages (expressed as percentages of one fraction over total transferrin) were significantly higher in the cirrhotic group than in the control group (p less than 0.01). Fraction pI 5.9 percentages were significantly higher in the cirrhotic group than in the hepatitis or control groups (p less than 0.05), or liver cancer group (p less than 0.01). A quantitative increase of fraction pI 5.7 was found in the cirrhotic patients. However, in this study, this parameter did not discriminate between patients with parenchymal liver diseases of alcoholic or other origin. Therefore, the value of determining fraction pI 5.7 as a marker of chronic alcohol consumption seems questionable. The elevation of fraction pI 5.9 constantly found in the cirrhotic patients could not be explained and needs further investigations.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Hepatocellular carcinoma in France. Clinical, biological and virological aspects in 197 patients].

The authors report the clinical and biological features in 197 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma seen in two French hospitals. Mean age was 63 +/- 12 years. Eighty-nine per cent were men. Cirrhosis was present in 88 p. 100. Alcoholic liver disease was associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in 71.5 p. 100. At the time of diagnosis, ascites was present in 62 p. 100 of the patients, jaundice in 49 p. 100, encephalopathy in 20 p. 100 and gastrointestinal bleeding in 12.5 p. 100. Twenty patients (10 p. 100) did not have any of these complications. An increase in serum gammaglutamyl transpeptidase and ASAT was the most frequent biological abnormality observed in 96 and 94 p. 100 of patients respectively. Hypercalcemia and a high hematocrit were present in 5 and 6 p. 100 of patients respectively. Serum HBs Ag (RIA) was present in 17.5 p. 100 of patients, anti-HBc in 50 p. 100 and anti-HBs in 33.5 p. 100; 38.5 p. 100 of patients had no serum HBV marker. Serum alphafetoprotein levels were higher than 20 ng/ml, 250 ng/ml and 1,000 ng/ml in 76.5 p. 100, 43.5 p. 100 and 33 p. 100 of patients respectively. There were no relationships between the presence of serum markers of HBV or high alphafetoprotein levels and clinical and biological data. These results confirm that the clinical, biological and virological aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma in France are similar to those reported in other western countries.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Cross-sectional study of growth between 3 and 20 years of age in the population of Tunisia].

In the course of a study designed to estimate the prevalence of diabetes in the Gouvernorat of Tunis, 1449 households chosen at random were examined at home between October 1976 and June 1977. The following parameters : weight, height, tricipital and subscapular skinfold thickness were determined for each subject 3 years old or more. From the data observed on 1 889 males and 1 940 females aged from 3 to 20 years, estimates by age and sex are proposed as references for growth among the tunisian population in urban area. Then an approach of the secular trend is derived from the distributions of height according to the year of birth in the adult population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Acute alcoholic hepatitis and death of cirrhotic patients].

Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) seems to be less frequent and to play a lesser role in the death of cirrhotic patients than previously acknowledged. The purpose of this work was: 1) to study the cause of death of cirrhotic patients 2) to determine the prevalence of AH among these patients and 3) to describe the clinical and laboratory features of cirrhotic patients with AH. The data were collected from a series of 107 necropsies in cirrhotic patients without hepatocellular carcinoma. The statistical analyses were carried out with an IRIS 80 computer. Severe liver failure with jaundice and encephalopathy, hemorrhage and uncontrolled infection with septic shock represented 84 p. 100 of the causes of death in patients with cirrhosis. Seventy-nine out of 107 patients (74 p. 100) had no AH (group 1), and 28 (26 p. 100) had AH (group 2): AH was mild in 15 cases and severe in 13 cases. All patients with AH died from a complication directly related to their liver disease while 21.5 p. 100 of patients without AH died from a complication not related to cirrhosis. The clinical and laboratory features of the patients without AH and cirrhosis differed from those of patients without AH by: a more frequent presence of fever (p less than 0.01), the absence of important weight loss (p less than 0.001), the total absence of abstinence (p less than 0.05), a higher value of ASAT/ALAT ratio, of serum levels of total bilirubin (p less than 0.01) and conjugated bilirubin (p less than 0.05), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (p less than 0.001) and total cholesterol (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Maternal smoking and birth weight in relation to dietary habits.

A study on dietary and smoking behavior during pregnancy was performed between January, 1976, and September, 1979, at the St. Antoine Maternity Hospital in Paris. In addition to the routine clinical examinations at the third, sixth, eight, and ninth months of pregnancy, the women were systematically questioned about their dietary and tobacco habits. No dietary advice was given by the dietitians at any time, nor was there special counseling against smoking. Among 534 women who were followed up, 200 (37%) were smokers before pregnancy. At the sixth month, half of them had stopped smoking and the others had reduced their consumption. The analysis showed that the mean caloric intake and the gain in weight were the highest in the women who continued to smoke and the lowest in nonsmokers. Intermediate results were found in smokers who stopped. Birth weight was, on the average, 70 gm lower among smokers throughout pregnancy, compared with the other two groups, but this difference was not significant. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the negative effects of smoking on the fetus could be compensated for, to a great extent, by extra food.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Alcohol consumption in a healthy population. Relationship to gamma-glutamyl transferase activity and mean corpuscular volume.

We analyzed the multivariate relationship between alcohol consumption and gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and tobacco consumption. A group of 995 healthy outpatients (604 men and 391 women, 18 to 76 years old) were systematically examined. Daily alcohol consumption was established after an interview regarding complete dietary habits. Significant correlations have been found between daily alcohol intake and corresponding GGT and MCV values, .35 and .34, respectively, in men and .24 and .21 in women. Multiple regression analyses confirm the superiority of GGt over MCV as a laboratory marker of alcohol intake and show the advantage of using them together. A rough estimation of alcohol consumption is proposed as a first step in mass screening of heavy drinkers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Follow-up of alcoholic patients in a hepatogastroenterology unit. Preliminary results (author's transl)].

Out of 126 alcoholic patients treated in a hepatogastroenrology unit, 55 were lost sight of after discharge, mainly because they lived far from the hospital, and 71 (56.3%) were followed up for a mean period of 10 months. Among the patients followed up, 11% showed clinical evidence, and 43.5% clinical and biochemical evidence (return to normal of mean corpuscular volume and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels) of having stopped taking alcohol. Forty-five p. cent resumed drinking habits. Is was found that those patients who were married, had a professional activity, social contacts and no serious mental disorders were more likely to be weaned. There were more patients with cirrhosis of the liver among those who discontinued alcohol than among those who kept drinking. The authors underline that these subjects are best treated by a team comprising clinicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers and members of associations of former alcoholics.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1981

Correlation between the nature and amount of carbohydrate in meal intake and insulin delivery by the artificial pancreas in 24 insulin-dependent diabetics.

We have studied the effects of mixed meals and dextrose intake on blood glucose and insulin delivery by the artificial pancreas in 24 insulin-dependent diabetics. A group of 12 patients had 3 mixed meals containing at random 20, 40, and 60 g of complex carbohydrate along with protein and fat; another group of 12 diabetics, comparable in weight, age, and duration of diabetes, received at random 20, 40, and 60 g of dextrose. Dextrose ingestion led to a higher initial blood glucose increase than did the mixed meal, but the duration of blood glucose increase lasted significantly longer after the mixed meal than after the dextrose load. The areas under the curves of hyperglycemia were not significantly different. There was a high (but not linear) correlation between the total amount of insulin delivered in order to restore initial blood glucose values and the amount of CHO consumed. There was no correlation with age, body weight, duration of diabetes, nor with the nature and order of administration of the CHO load; 5.1 +/- 1.6 to 13.7 +/- 2.1 units of insulin were needed for a period of 94 +/- 11 to 132 +/- 11 min. It is suggested that some of the data obtained in this study might be useful in the programming of an open-loop insulin infusion system.

Adult↗