Biomedical subjects

L Peacock

Publications and source records attributed to L Peacock.

22 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

Occupational stress and job satisfaction in the community dental service of north Wales: a pilot study.

This study was conducted to measure levels of work pressure, job satisfaction and further factors related to occupational stress in community dental service staff in north Wales. The occupational stress indicator and a modified version of the dental work stress inventory were completed by 44 community dental service staff in March 1991. The community dental service staff showed poor levels of job satisfaction and psychosomatic indicators of stress. The perception of control of the individual's working practices was highly influenced by organisational demands. The best predictor of job satisfaction was perceived control followed by work pressures. The dental surgery assistants scored more unfavourably than their dental colleagues on most measures. Dentists consider clinical matters their greatest stress while dental surgery assistants were concerned principally with their working conditions such as pay levels and working hours. The study reflects a somewhat unhappy work situation for community dental service staff which may be temporary and in response to new administrative systems being introduced. A further in-depth assessment of staff is indicated to show whether these results are situation dependent or indicate a more permanent state.

Community Dentistry↗

PubMed1992

Effect of D1 and D2 agonists in primates withdrawn from long-term treatment with haloperidol: the potential role of dopamine D1 receptors in dyskinesia.

The effects of dopamine (DA) D1 and D2 receptor agonists were evaluated in eight Cebus apella monkeys. The monkeys had previously received haloperidol for 2 years, and five of the monkeys had developed mild oral dyskinesia. SKF 81297 (a full D1 agonist) induced marked oral hyperkinesia, consisting of tongue protrusions and licking or chewing movements, most pronounced in the monkeys with pre-existing oral dyskinesia. SKF 38393 and SKF 75670 (partial D1 agonists) also induced some oral dyskinesia, but to a lesser extent than SKF 81297, and with few licking movements. The partial D1 agonists, but not the full agonist, induced sedation. All of the D1 agonists induced grooming behavior, the full D1 agonist to the greatest extent. In the case of SKF 81297, the grooming was closely associated with the licking behavior. Quinpirole (a selective D2 agonist) and apomorphine (a mixed D1/D2 agonist) induced a hyperactive syndrome (nonoral stereotypy with rapid repetitive movements and increased arousal and locomotor activity). Quinpirole induced no grooming behavior and reduced pre-existing oral movements. The data indicate behavioral differences between D1 and D2 receptors and suggest that D1 receptors may be involved in the pathophysiology of some forms of dyskinesia syndromes.

2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-ben↗

PubMed1990

The effects of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor agonists and antagonists in monkeys withdrawn from long-term neuroleptic treatment.

The effects of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor agonists and antagonists were studied in eight Cebus apella monkeys previously treated with haloperidol for two years. SKF 81297 (specific D1 receptor agonist) induced oral hyperkinesia of variable intensity (P less than 0.01): some of the monkeys developed extreme lip smacking, tonque protrusions and licking movements while others developed only slight lip movements. A combined treatment of SKF 81297 with LY 171555 (full D2 receptor agonist) or SCH 23390 (D1 receptor antagonist) inhibited the oral hyperkinesia induced by SKF 81297 (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.02, respectively). Raclopride (D2 receptor antagonist) did not statistically change oral hyperkinesia (P less than 0.2), although five monkeys showed increased oral movements; most of these monkeys had pre-existing hyperkinesia. Treatment with SCH 23390 or raclopride resulted in an identical dystonic/cataleptic syndrome. SKF 81297 inhibited the dystonia induced by SCH 23390, while it did not significantly affect raclopride dystonia. The investigation indicates that oral dyskinesia may be related to an imbalance in D1 receptor and D2 receptor stimulation in favor of D1 receptors. The question now is whether D1 receptor antagonists, which may have antipsychotic potential, will produce tardive dyskinesia after long-term use.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Long-term experience with clozapine in Denmark: research and clinical practice.

In Denmark, the use of clozapine has increased markedly (15-25% per year) since 1983, when the drug was relaunched--after its withdrawal in 1975. Several factors have contributed to this development: 1) the interesting pharmacology of clozapine, especially the atypical influence on dopamine transmission, including a relatively high D-1/D-2 receptor affinity ratio, 2) the potent anti-anxiety and anti-psychotic effect in severe and otherwise therapy-resistant psychotic patients, and 3) the lack of extrapyramidal side effects. A special monitoring form (for registration of total and differential leucocyte counts, ECG, body weight, drugs, doses and reason for possible withdrawal of the clozapine) is used in most Danish psychiatric institutions. This form secures the regular control of vital parameters and serves as an instrument for surveys of the use of clozapine in Denmark. Also, more selective studies are being carried out, e.g., on the effect of clozapine monotherapy versus combined therapy, and on the influence of clozapine on cardiovascular functions, including left ventricular output (echocardiography).

Clozapine↗