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Biomedical subjects

L Perrault

Publications and source records attributed to L Perrault.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Provision of anaesthesia for porcine cardiac transplantation at the veterinary school in Trinidad and Tobago.

A successful heterotopic cardiac transplantation was performed between sibling female Yorkshire Juvenile swine. Adequate pre-medication with azaperone and a smooth induction were ensured for both pigs, which were anaesthetized simultaneously with sodium thiopentone followed by endotracheal intubation and intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Inhalation anaesthetic agents were used for maintenance, neuromuscular blockade was achieved with cisatracurium and both fentanyl and tramadol were used to provide analgesia. Invasive monitoring was used in both the donor and recipient. Central venous pressure (CVP) was maintained at > 10 cm H2O and mean arterial pressure (MAP) > 60 mmHg. Heparin was injected during the surgical dissection of the heart in the donor to prevent coronary thrombosis and prior to aortic side clamping for end-to-side anastomosis of the donor heart in the recipient abdomen. After transplantation, the cardiovascular parameters of the recipient showed a MAP of 85-105 mmHg and a CVP of 8-10 cm H2O while echocardiography of the transplanted heart confirmed an ejection fraction (EF) of 80%. A functional anaesthetic team was assembled and trained to provide anaesthesia for porcine cardiac transplantation. The transplanted heart suffered pump failure after 69 days and was excised for performance of tissue analysis.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed2000

Effect of mycophenolate mofetil in heart transplantation.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a new immunosuppressive drug that acts by inhibiting de novo pathways of purine synthesis, and rabbit antithymocyte globulin (RATG) on the lymphocyte subpopulation after heart transplantation. DESIGN: A review of clinical and laboratory records. SETTING: The Montreal Heart Institute. PATIENTS: Thirty-one patients who underwent heart transplantation. In 9 patients, neoral cyclosporine, prednisone and azathioprine were administered (group 1). In 14 patients RATG was added during the first 3 postoperative days (group 2) and in 8 patients RATG and combination immunosuppression was given, but MMF was used instead of azathioprine (group 3). The demographic characteristics of donors and recipients were similar among the 3 groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The proportion of CD2, CD4 and CD8 receptor-positive lymphocytes, expressed as a mean (and standard deviation) percentage of the total lymphocyte population, measured at 7, 15 and 30 days and 6 months after transplantation. RESULTS: At 7 days after transplantation, CD2 lymphocytes averaged 55% (18%), 16% (15%) and 14% (11%) in groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively (p < 0.05), CD4 averaged 36% (11%), 9% (12%) and 7% (8%) in groups 1, 2 and 3 (p < 0.05), and CD8 averaged 14% (6%), 4% (3%) and 4% (3%) in groups 1, 2 and 3 (p < 0.05). At 15 days after transplantation CD2 averaged 69% (10%), 42% (16%) and 47% (20%) in groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively (p < 0.05), and CD8 averaged 16% (7%), 16% (6%) and 19% (7%) (p = NS). At 30 days after transplantation the percentages of CD2, CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes were similar among the groups. The freedom rate from acute rejection averaged 22% (14%), 9% (8%) and 50% (18%) (p < 0.05) in groups 1, 2 and 3 at 6 months after transplantation, and the freedom rate from infection averaged 56% (17%), 36% (13%) and 38% (17%) for the 3 groups at this time period (p = NS). CONCLUSIONS: A short course of RATG causes severe, transitory depletion of CD2, CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte subpopulations. MMF decreases the incidence of early acute rejection after heart transplantation without affecting the lymphocyte subpopulation when compared with azathioprine.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Morbidity and mortality of reoperation for coronary artery bypass grafting: significance of atheromatous vein grafts.

Reoperation ('redo') for coronary artery disease shows a significant increase in morbidity and mortality compared to primary surgery. Some technical approaches have been advocated to decrease myocardial injury, presumably due to coronary artery embolization from atheromatous vein grafts. From 1984 to 1989, 321 'redo' operations were performed at the Montreal Heart Institute. Patients with patent and atherosclerotic vein grafts at preoperative coronary angiography (239 patients) were compared to those with normal or occluded grafts (82 patients). Perioperative myocardial infarction and death rates were 19% and 13%, respectively. They were particularly high among patients with three or more patent and atherosclerotic vein grafts at reoperation (32% and 29%, respectively). Among the 239 patients with patent atherosclerotic grafts, the results of three different surgical techniques were studied retrospectively. A first group of 66 patients had early ligation of patent atheromatous grafts before cardioplegia was administered by antegrade infusion during single aortic clamping for coronary anastomoses, and maintained for the confection of aortic anastomoses. In a second group of 35 patients, early ligation of diseased graft, antegrade cardioplegic delivery, and partial aortic cross clamping for aortic anastomoses of vein grafts was done. In the third group of 138 patients, venous grafts were not interrupted before antegrade cardioplegic infusion and partial aortic cross clamping for aortic anastomoses of vein grafts was used. No significant difference in hospital mortality or perioperative myocardial infarction rate was observed between the three groups of patients. Thus, the modified techniques so far recommended for repeat coronary artery bypass grafting, such as early ligation of patent atherosclerotic grafts, have failed to improve the early results of 'redo' operations.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Arterial surgery of the upper limb].

Arterial surgery of the upper limb represents 2.5% of peripheral vascular procedures in our center. From 1976 to 1989, 58 procedures were performed in 45 patients. There were 26 men and 19 women with average age of 52 years, ranging from 6 to 92 years. These patients were grouped in three categories according to etiology: 1) trauma; 2) acute non traumatic ischemia and 3) chronic ischemia. Sixteen patients (35.5%) were operated on for arterial trauma including three false aneurysms. Blunt trauma was the cause in 9 patients, penetrating in 6 and iatrogenic in one. Angioplasty and primary end to end anastomosis were used in 6, bypass in 4, simple ligation in 3, thrombectomy in 3. The outcome was excellent in 15/16 (93%). Non traumatic acute ischemia occurred in 16 patients (35.5%) and was due to emboli of cardiac origin in 92%. All patients were treated by thromboembolectomy. This group had a high mortality (5/16, 31%) because of associated medical conditions. The third group of 13 patients (29%) underwent surgery for chronic ischemia of the upper limb localized to the subclavian artery in 92%. They were treated with carotid subclavian bypasses in 9, other types of bypass in 3 and endarterectomy in 1. Excellent results were obtained in 10/13 (78%). Overall, satisfactory results were obtained in 90% of surviving patients. Operative mortality was 11.1% and the amputation rate was 13%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Surgical treatment of achalasia in a general hospital.

The authors report their experience with 43 patients treated for achalasia of the esophagus in a general hospital between 1971 and 1986. Patients were divided into two groups according to the type of surgery performed: group 1--29 patients treated by Heller myotomy, performed by nine general surgeons between 1971 and 1983; and group 2--14 patients treated by transthoracic Heller myotomy with the addition of a Belsey Mark-IV fundoplication. Dysphagia was reduced postoperatively in 82.6% of patients in group 1 and 92.8% of patients in group 2. Three patients in group 1 and one patient in group 2 had persistent dysphagia. Ten patients in group 1 had symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (5 of them required a second antireflux procedure). In group 2, one patient had symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux, but was treated successfully medically. There was no difference in the degree of relief of dysphagia between the abdominal and thoracic approach, or in whether the operation was performed by a general surgeon without specific experience in the treatment of achalasia. The addition of a fundoplication to a Heller myotomy appeared to lessen the problem of postoperative gastroesophageal reflux. Since the Heller myotomy is technically difficult and may lead to obstruction of the poorly emptying esophagus the authors recommend that it be used selectively and only by the experienced esophageal surgeon.

Adolescent↗