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Biomedical subjects

L R Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to L R Anderson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Lower extremity iatrogenic nerve injury due to compression during intraabdominal surgery.

BACKGROUND: latrogenic nerve injury due to poor positioning and external compression is a common surgical complication. However, sciatic neuropathy from external compression and femoral nerve injury after self-retaining retraction are less-published complications. METHODS: Surgical Morbidity and Mortality Reports from 1986 through 1995 were reviewed to identify femoral and sciatic neuropathies following intraabdominal vascular and general surgeries. RESULTS: Two sciatic and 5 femoral neuropathies were reported, an incidence of approximately 0.17% of abdominal cases. Sciatic injuries were attributed to external compression, whereas femoral neuropathies were due to compression by self-retaining retraction. The 3 female and 4 male patients had a mean age of 53.4 years, and no patient had a prior history of peripheral neuropathy. Mean operating time for sciatic injuries was 8.2 hours, versus 4.3 hours for femoral neuropathies. Both patients with sciatic neuropathy had complete resolution of symptoms, compared with 1 femoral neuropathy patient. Two femoral neuropathies were permanent, 1 had partial resolution and 1 had improvement at 4 months but was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Sciatic and femoral compression neuropathies are rare but serious complications of abdominal surgery. When retracting in the deep pelvis, consideration should be given to using small, well-padded retractor blades and repositioning these regularly. Prevention of sciatic nerve compression requires careful padding of the table surface, especially for longer cases.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1997

The role of the pharmacy department in the prevention of adverse drug events: a survey of current practices.

Adverse drug events have received a great deal of publicity during he past several years. The tracking and prevention of medication errors is an important part of ensuring quality care for patients. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, and the Institute For Safe Medication Practices are two groups who have published recommendations on the prevention of adverse drug events in hospitals. This study provides an informative analysis of the status of implementation of these recommendations by hospital pharmacists in Louisiana.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed1996

Gamma delta T cells from tolerized alpha beta T cell receptor (TCR)-deficient mice inhibit contact sensitivity-effector T cells in vivo, and their interferon-gamma production in vitro.

Contact sensitivity (CS) responses to reactive hapten Ag, such as picryl chloride (PCl) or oxazolone (OX), are classical examples of T cell-mediated immune responses in vivo that are clearly subject to multifaceted regulation. There is abundant evidence that downregulation of CS may be mediated by T cells exposed to high doses of Ag. This is termed high dose Ag tolerance. To clarify the T cell types that effect CS responses and mediate their downregulation, we have undertaken studies of CS in mice congenitally deficient in specific subsets of lymphocytes. The first such studies, using alpha beta T cell-deficient (TCR alpha -/-) mice, are presented here. The results clearly show that TCR alpha -/- mice cannot mount CS, implicating alpha beta T cells as the critical CS-effector cells. However, TCR alpha -/- mice can, after high dose tolerance, downregulate alpha +/+ CS-effector T cells adoptively transferred into them. By mixing ex vivo and then adoptive cell transfers in vivo, the active downregulatory cells in tolerized alpha -/- mice are shown to include gamma delta TCR+ cells that also can downregulate interferon-gamma production by the targeted CS-effector cells in vitro. Downregulation by gamma delta cells showed specificity for hapten, but was not restricted by the MHC. Together, these findings establish that gamma delta T cells cannot fulfill CS-effector functions performed by alpha beta T cells, but may fulfill an Ag-specific downregulatory role that may be directly comparable to reports of Ag-specific downregulation of IgE antibody responses by gamma delta T cells. Comparisons are likewise considered with downregulation by gamma delta T cells occurring in immune responses to pathogens, tumors, and allografts, and in systemic autoimmunity.

Adoptive Transfer↗
PubMed1994

Reliability of a Greek translation of the Life Satisfaction Index.

Scores on a Greek translation of the Life Satisfaction Index were correlated .95 with scores on the English version for a sample of 36 bilingual Greek university women. The internal reliability of the Greek translation was estimated by a coefficient alpha of .78. Scores were significantly correlated -.51 with those on a previously published Greek translation of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale and -.37 with Social loneliness and -.40 with Emotional loneliness. This same pattern of correlations was found when the English version of these two tests was completed by university men and women in the USA. We concluded, therefore, the Greek translation of the Life Satisfaction Index is sufficiently reliable to warrant further use in research in Greece.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Reliability data for a Greek translation of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: comparisons with data from the USA.

A Greek translation of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale was internally reliable (alpha = .89), after eliminating Item 4, and significantly correlated with the English version (r = .94) for a sample of bilingual students. Weiss's distinction between social loneliness and emotional loneliness was also reliably identified in the Greek translation. Loneliness scores in Greece were significantly higher than in the USA. The translation seems to be sufficiently reliable to warrant further use with Greek individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Test-retest reliability of the Revised Self-monitoring Scale over a two-year period.

The Revised Self-monitoring Scale of Lennox and Wolfe was administered to 83 staff nurses in 1987 and in 1989 as part of on-going research. Test-retest correlations were: for Factor A, Ability to Modify Self-presentation, .53, for Factor B, Sensitivity to the Expressive Behavior of Others, .52, and for the Total Self-monitoring Score .55. These scores were sufficiently strong to warrant continued, but cautious use of this revised test.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Once daily therapy for streptococcal pharyngitis with cefadroxil.

To determine if a single daily dose of cefadroxil would be effective in the treatment of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis, 196 patients with GABHS pharyngitis were randomly assigned to receive either penicillin V 250 mg three times daily or cefadroxil 30 mg/kg once daily, for 10 days. Outcome was measured by the ability to isolate GABHS from the upper respiratory tract 18 to 24 hours after the onset of therapy, the impact on the clinical course, and the bacteriologic treatment failure rate. There was no significant difference in the number of patients in the cefadroxil and penicillin V treatment groups with throat cultures positive for GABHS at the 18 to 24-hour follow-up visit (0% and 2%, respectively), and the clinical responses of the patients in the two treatment groups were similar. Of the 99 patients in the three times daily penicillin V group, six (6%) had strains of GABHS isolated on one of the follow-up cultures that were identical to the strains isolated from their initial throat cultures and were considered to have bacteriologic treatment failures. Of the 96 patients in the once daily cefadroxil group, two (2%) were considered to have bacteriologic treatment failures. A single daily dose of cefadroxil appears to be as effective in the treatment of GABHS pharyngitis in this population as penicillin V given three times daily.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Antigen detection test for streptococcal pharyngitis: evaluation of sensitivity with respect to true infections.

The clinical significance of false-negative results on antigen detection tests for group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis (negative test results and positive culture) has yet to be determined. We recently compared the Culturette Brand Ten-Minute Group A Strep ID Kit with blood agar cultures in 313 patients with pharyngitis, 257 (82%) of whom had positive throat cultures for GABHS. The Culturette Brand test had a sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 96%, a positive predictive value of 99%, and negative predictive value of 64%. More than half of the false-negative Culturette Brand test results occurred in children with less than 10 GABHS colonies on throat culture (1+ culture). When these 1+ cultures were not considered positive, the sensitivity of the Culturette Brand test was 93%. The sensitivity of the Culturette Brand test increased with an increased degree of positivity of the corresponding throat culture. Of the 31 children with false-negative Culturette Brand test results, 14 (45%) had a significant streptococcal antibody response; of the 224 children with true-positive Culturette Brand test results (positive test results and positive culture) from whom serologic data were available, 114 (51%) had a significant streptococcal antibody response. This difference is not statistically significant. These findings suggest that almost half of patients with false-negative results on antigen detection tests for GABHS pharyngitis have true infections (positive culture and antibody rise) and are not merely streptococcal carriers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Enhancement of leader power after election or appointment to undersirable leader roles.

Sixteen groups of male and female university students (N= 129) were tested in a 2 by 2 design which varied mode of leader selection (election vs. appointment) and desirability of leader role (desirable vs. undersiable). Desirable leader roles were created by offering $5.00 and extra experimental credit for extra work to be completed on the leader's own time. Leaders in undersirable roles had to complete the extra work without pay or experimental credit. After a warm-up task, a confederate was either elected or appointed leader. On two subsequent tasks the leader made three influence attempts on (a) the task structure, (b) the task content, and (c) the members' willingness to volunteer to help the leader with the extra work. Results indicated that on all influence measures individuals elected to the undersirable leader role had significantly greater social power than individuals elected to the desirable role. Desirability of the leader role did not significantly affect the social power of appointed leaders.

Achievement↗
PubMed1976

Standardization of the physical therapy record.

The question of where to begin the assessment of quality care in physical therapy is examined. A standardized format to enhance patient-care record is presented, and the reasons for a systematized approach to recording patient care are explained.

Humans↗