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Biomedical subjects

L R Aronson

Publications and source records attributed to L R Aronson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Diagnosis and surgical management of ureteral calculi in dogs: 16 cases (1990-2003).

AIMS: To examine the clinical signs, laboratory and radiographic findings, surgical technique, ureterolith composition, and post-operative outcomes in dogs managed surgically for ureterolithiasis to determine whether surgical removal of ureteroliths in dogs resulted in a positive clinical outcome. METHODS: The medical record database of a university veterinary hospital in Pennsylvania, USA, was searched for dogs that underwent surgery to remove obstructive ureteral calculi between 1990 and 2003. Records were reviewed for signalment, clinical history and examination findings, radiographic and laboratory test results, surgical technique, and ureterolith analysis. Follow-up information was obtained from telephone interviews with owners or referring veterinarians, or by reviewing the medical record of subsequent hospital visits. RESULTS: Sixteen dogs were included in this study; ten were neutered females, two intact females and four castrated males. Abdominal radiography revealed ureteral calculi in 14/16 dogs, renal calculi in 8/16, cystic calculi in 8/16, urethral calculi in 1/16, renomegaly in 6/16 and renal mineralisation in 5/16. Ureterolith type included struvite in six dogs, calcium oxalate in five, calcium phosphate in one, and a mix of struvite, calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate in another. Compared to dogs with non-struvite ureteroliths, those with struvite ureteroliths had a higher pre-operative white blood cell (WBC) count (25.6, SD 7 vs 17.6, SD 6 x 103 cells/mul; p=0.046), and were more likely to have a purulent discharge from the ureteral incision noted at the time of surgery (p=0.015). Following discharge, 14/16 dogs were re-evaluated. Median survival time was 904 days (range 2-1,876). Two dogs required additional surgery on the urinary tract. Four dogs died or were euthanised because of azotaemia and clinical signs related to the urinary system or non-specific signs of illness (vomiting, lethargy) at 8, 90, 333 and 904 days post-operatively. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical management of ureteroliths was successful and resulted in good long-term survival in the majority of dogs examined in this small study population. Similar proportions of calcium oxalate and struvite ureteroliths were identified. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of the ureteral surgery may increase as the frequency of diagnosis of ureteroliths in dogs increases.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Hypercalcemia following renal transplantation in a cat.

An 11-year-old 3.0-kg (6.6-lb) neutered male Persian was referred for renal transplantation. Serum total calcium concentration was slightly high prior to surgery, but the week after surgery, total and ionized calcium concentrations were extremely high, and a small mass was palpable on the right side of the trachea at the level of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Exploratory surgery of the ventral aspect of the neck was performed, and a right external parathyroid mass was removed. One hour after surgery, the serum ionized calcium concentration was within reference limits, and the serum calcium concentration remained normal for the next 14 months without any specific treatment. The gross and histologic appearance of the mass, combined with the rapid decrease in serum calcium concentration following its removal, confirmed that the mass was a functional parathyroid adenoma. Although a common postoperative complication in people, hypercalcemia following renal transplantation appears to be a rare complication in cats. Surgery should be considered if the condition is a result of a parathyroid adenoma.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Gastrointestinal emergencies.

The animal with a surgical gastrointestinal emergency usually requires a rapid, thorough physical examination with concurrent resuscitation. As the diagnosis is being made, the animal must be made as stable as possible before undergoing general anesthesia. During surgery, there must be a critical evaluation of gastrointestinal viability and the use of precise technical skills to achieve the best outcome. Adept postoperative management, including careful monitoring and an index of suspicion for potential complications, is vital.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

A practical approach to hemoperitoneum in the dog and cat.

Hemoperitoneum can occur in animals of any age and can result from many different disease processes. Neoplastic and traumatic conditions are the most common causes. Many of these patients present with hemodynamic instability but stabilize with rational intravenous fluid therapy and abdominal counterpressure. Surgical exploration of the abdomen is indicated in many situations. Surgical therapy is aimed at resection or control of the bleeding focus, removal of any devitalized tissue, and biopsy of additional sites of suspicion. Optimal treatment for all patients with hemoperitoneum frequently requires advanced critical care, anesthesia, and surgical techniques. Finally, the treatment outcome is variable and dependent on the underlying cause and its severity.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Acute toxoplasmosis following renal transplantation in three cats and a dog.

Three cats and 1 dog that had undergone renal transplantation because of end-stage renal disease were examined because of complications 3 to 6 weeks after surgery. One cat died prior to treatment of the complications; Toxoplasma cysts were found in sections of the renal allograft, and Toxoplasma tachyzoites were found in other organs. The other 2 cats and the dog died despite treatment, and protozoal cysts, as well as tachyzoites, were identified in other organs but not within the allografts, suggesting that reactivation of latent infection following immunosuppression was the most likely cause of disseminated toxoplasmosis. These cases illustrate that toxoplasmosis can be a fatal complication in renal transplant recipients. We currently recommend that feline and canine donors and recipients undergo serologic testing for toxoplasmosis prior to surgery. In addition, we suggest that seropositive donors not be used for seronegative recipients and that seropositive recipients and that seropositive recipients be monitored closely after surgery for clinical signs of toxoplasmosis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Selective alterations of cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts.

Numerous studies suggest that modifications in concentrations of both excitatory and inhibitory amino acids are implicated in the pathophysiology of portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE), a neuropsychiatric disorder associated with chronic liver disease in humans. In this study, amino acid levels were measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) of 10 dogs (age range: 3 mo.- 3 yr 4 mo.) exhibiting a congenital portal-systemic shunt, either intra or extra-hepatic, and 8 age-matched control dogs who showed no signs of hepatic or neurologic disorders. Dogs with congenital shunts manifested signs of encephalopathy such as disorientation, head pressing, vocalization, depression, seizures and coma. CSF from dogs with congenital shunts contained significantly increased amounts of glutamate (2 to 3-fold increase, p<0.01), glutamine (6-fold increase, p<0.05) and aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan) compared to CSF of control dogs. Concentrations of GABA and branched chain amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine) were within normal limits. Modifications of brain glutamate (an excitatory amino acid) as well as tryptophan (the precursor of serotonin) could contribute to the neurological syndrome characteristic of congenital PSE in dogs.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1966

Seasonal variation in mating behavior in cats after desensitization of glans penis.

The glans penis in 14 sexually experienced cats was desensitized by section of the nerves dorsalis penis. These males mounted the estrous female readily but they were so disoriented that they could not achieve intromission. Reduced sensory feedback resulting from the operation and from lack of intromissions caused a decided drop in sexual activity in the fall with recovery in early winter. A latent sexual cycle in male cats is revealed, which corresponds in time to the established female cycle.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Possible hemolytic uremic syndrome in three cats after renal transplantation and cyclosporine therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical history of 3 cats with possible hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) after renal transplantation. STUDY DESIGN: This case series documents historical findings, physical examination findings, clinical pathologic features, necropsy and histopathologic findings of 3 cats with possible HUS. RESULTS: Two cats had chronic renal failure; 1 cat had acute renal failure secondary to ethylene glycol toxicity. A renal transplant was performed in each of the 3 cats without obvious problems. Complications that would support a diagnosis of HUS, including anemia, thrombocytopenia, and azotemia occurred within 24 hours in 1 cat, within 8 days in a second cat, and 2 months after transplantation in the third cat. In 2 cats, HUS was likely secondary to cyclosporine immunosuppression. In the third cat, HUS may have been secondary to allograft rejection. Renal biopsies from all 3 cats were suggestive of HUS. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In human beings, HUS in transplant recipients may occur secondary to immunosuppressive drugs, vascular rejection, or recurrence of original disease. Graft loss occurred in all 3 cats in this study and the mortality rate was 100%. Clinicians caring for these patients need to be aware of this disorder because early recognition and treatment is critical in the management of post-transplant HUS.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infectious pericardial effusion in five dogs.

The medical records of five dogs diagnosed with infectious pericardial effusion were reviewed. Clinical signs included anorexia, depression, respiratory distress, abdominal distension, collapse, coughing, and vomiting. Anemia and leukocytosis were present in three dogs. Grass awn migration was confirmed as the cause of the pericardial effusion in two dogs and suspected in the other three. Surgery, followed by continuous chest drainage, and appropriate antibiotic therapy was the treatment in four dogs. Chest drains were removed within 4 days of surgery. One dog did not have chest drainage after surgery. Antibiotic treatment was continued for up to 6 months. The dogs were monitored postsurgically for a period ranging from 3 to 24 months. All dogs recovered well without apparent complications.

Alanine Transaminase↗