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Biomedical subjects

L Rosetta

Publications and source records attributed to L Rosetta.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Dominance and reproductive rates in captive female olive baboons, Papio anubis.

The reproductive cycles of 23 captive olive baboons were studied over two successive parturitions. Interbirth intervals of 450 days were reduced by 60% in comparison to wild baboons, and consisted of 145 days of postpartum amenorrhea, 3.5 cycles, and a gestation of 185 days. Dominance rank was found to be one significant factor affecting female fertility. Low-ranking females had longer total intervals between successive births and, in particular, they experienced a longer delay to conception once they had resumed sexual cycles. Mothers of infants who were heavy for age resumed cycling more quickly and had fewer cycles before a subsequent conception. Mothers best able to sustain rapid early infant growth were those of high dominance rank and of high body mass; these females had more rapid reproductive rates. As female energy intake was unrelated to dominance, we suggest that social stresses are important suppressors of the hormonal and lactational competence of subordinate females.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

Total energy expenditure (H218O), physical activity level and milk output of lactating rural Bangladeshi tea workers and nontea workers.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the total daily energy expenditure (TDEE), milk output and physical activity level (PAL) of chronically malnourished lactating women using the doubly labelled water method (DLW). DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal study designed to assess the extent of malnutrition and energetics of lactating tea workers and nontea workers. SETTING: North-east Bangladesh on women working and living in the same tea estates. SUBJECTS: Of an original cohort of 150 lactating women, 30 were selected to participate in this study when they were at about 12 months postpartum. One mother subsequently dropped out. INTERVENTIONS: On day 1 each women provided a urine sample, was administered a dose of DLW and 6 h later provided another sample. Further urine samples were collected for 21 subsequent days. In addition, every 5 days the mother provided a milk sample and at the same time her baby provided a urine sample. RESULTS: Mean (s.d.) BMI was 17.4 (1.63). Mean TDEE and PAL were significantly higher in workers than nonworkers (8.42 (1.38) and 6.83 (2.09) MJ/day, P = 0.02 and 1.92 (0.34) and 1.59 (0.44), P = 0.03, respectively). Mean milk output was similar in the two groups (672 (180) ml and 749 (189) ml in workers and nonworkers, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Based on international BMI cutoffs, 79% of mothers were suffering from some degree of chronic energy deficiency. A total of 35% of workers and 17% of nonworkers were engaged in strenuous physical activity. The mean milk output of both workers and nonworkers was not different and was high especially as most of the mothers were about 12 months postpartum. No relationship was found between menses return and any of the variables studied. SPONSORSHIP: World Health Organization, Nestle Foundation, UNICEF.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Kinetics of stable isotope and body composition in olive baboons (Papio anubis) estimated by deuterium dilution space: a pilot study.

Morphometrics and isotope-labelled water were used to determine body composition [total body water, total body fat and fat-free mass (FFM)] of three captive female olive baboons (Papio anubis). Mean mass was 16.5 kg, comparable with other captive settings but heavier than wild olive baboons. Average water content was 66%; FFM averaged 90.5%. Baboon females have less body fat than human counterparts. Compared with captive or wild baboons, these females were adequately nourished for their energy expenditure. A positive association between total mass and FFM existed, but due to the small sample no general relationship was observed for body fat or FFM and condition or size measures. The kinetics of deuterium equilibration in body fluids for baboons was determined as 3-4 hours after injection, similar to that for humans. Deuterium dilution technique appears to be an appropriate method for studying body composition in baboons, although a larger sample is needed for relationships between morphometric indices and body composition.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

The duration of lactational amenorrhoea in urban Bangladeshi women.

The duration of lactational amenorrhoea, and infant feeding patterns and behaviour, were investigated in a sample of 97 mother-infant pairs living in a poor urban area of Dhaka, Bangladesh. A seven-hour time allocation method was used to determine the number of breast-feeding bouts and their duration. The seven-hour observation period was conducted on five occasions: at birth, 1 month, 4 months, 8 months and either 10 or 11 months. The median duration of lactational amenorrhoea was determined to be 24.07 weeks using survival analysis. Mothers who breast-fed their babies for longer and more frequently had, on average, a longer period of lactational amenorrhoea. There was no relationship between sociodemographic characteristics of the mother and duration of lactational amenorrhoea, nor was there any significant relationship between maternal anthropometry and birth weight of the baby and duration of lactational amenorrhoea, but there was a tendency for women with lower body mass index to have longer durations. Using the Cox proportional hazards model, the best predictor of duration of lactational amenorrhoea was the mean of months 0 and 1 durations of breast-feeding, adjusted for the mean frequencies for those months. The introduction of weaning food was also an important predictor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Repeated measurements of energy intake, energy expenditure and energy balance in lactating Bangladeshi mothers.

OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in energetic parameters and nutritional status of chronically malnourished lactating women over a period of 13 months postpartum. DESIGN: A study of 15 lactating Bangladeshi mothers, of whom eight were tea pluckers and seven housewives, was conducted over a 13 months period from the birth of the child. Anthropometric measurements and body composition were determined on five occasions (at 3.5, 5.5, 7.5, 10 and 13 months) and energy expenditure (heart rate monitoring method), and energy intake (3-day weighing) on three occasions at 3.5, 10 and 13 months. RESULTS: The mothers, all of whom were of low BMI (range 14.9-18.1 kg/m2 at the end of the study) undertook high levels of physical activity (pluckers more so than housewives). There was evidence of weight loss over the 13 months, particularly between the fourth and sixth months postpartum, mainly due to a significant decrease in fat-free mass. Food intake and expenditure were higher in pluckers than housewives but energy balance was not significantly different, although workers were, on average, in negative balance on all three occasions. Food intake was based on cereals and fat deficient. CONCLUSIONS: A Bangladeshi sample of breast-feeding mothers studied over 13 months postpartum showed evidence of chronic malnutrition with women living on very low fat diets. All mothers, either housewives or tea pluckers were involved in energy demanding activities. There was a general tendency towards negative energy balance. Mothers lost weight, mainly fat-free mass over the study period.

Adaptation, Biological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between self-reported food and fluid intake and menstrual disturbance in female recreational runners.

A 1 year prospective study was conducted in France in 1993-1994 to examine the extent of menstrual cycle impairment in a sample of recreational French runners, and to relate the extent of impairment to dietary characteristics. The runners provided 7-day weighed food and fluid intake at intervals of 3 months during the year, as well as full details of their menstrual cycles and training schedules. The food survey commenced with 34 runners and 21 provided information on all four occasions. About 6% of the women, at any session, unrealistically report their dietary intakes. However, there was no evidence of any relationship between extent of under-reporting and menstrual status. The sample was divided into three menstrual cycle groups of eumenorrhoeic, irregular and amenorrhoeic (including oligomenorrhoeic). No significant differences in mean energy intake, carbohydrate, fat and protein intakes were found between groups. However, there were very marked differences in fluid and fibre intake, with amenorrhoeic and oligomenorrhoeic runners consuming about twice the mean daily fluid intake of eumenorrhoeic or irregularly menstruating groups.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship between areca nut usage and heart rate in lactating Bangladeshis.

BACKGROUND: The betel-nut quid, a piece of areca nut chewed alone or mixed with tobacco and slaked lime wrapped in betel vine leaf, is widely used in Asian populations as a stimulant (due to the cholinergic agent, arecoline) or as a relaxant (due to arecaidine and guvacine). OBJECTIVES: This study, which formed part of a larger project assessing the effect of energy expenditure on the duration of post-partum amenorrhoea, provided the opportunity to assess the role of chronic areca nut usage on heart rate and oxygen consumption during resting periods and during graded stepping tests. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The mothers (n = 47), all of whom were lactating, were aged between 19 and 39, of low nutritional status and anaemic and they all chewed betel quid daily. RESULTS: Moderate users of betel quid (defined as more than 3 times a day) were found, on average, to have a significantly lower heart rate at rest and during exercise than low betel quid users (less than 3 times a day) but there was no modification in oxygen consumption. CONCLUSION: Chronic betel quid use does not seem to affect the assessment of 24h energy expenditure provided that subjects are denied access to betel nut usage before and during calibration.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Waiting times to first birth in a rural area.

The waiting time between marriage and first birth is a particularly interesting parameter, for it reveals both the fertility of a given population as well as its social behaviour with regard to reproduction and the institution of marriage. Such waiting times were analysed in 289 nuclear families in the village of Chateauponsac, Limousin, France according to maternal marital age and social class. After correction for age effects, it was shown that women from the working class tended to have their first child much earlier than those in other occupational groups--often either before marriage or conceived prenuptially. It is concluded that this behaviour arises from economic factors rather than through differential use of contraceptives.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Seasonal changes and the physical development of young Serere children in Senegal.

Children under 5-years old from a random sample of 40 families of the Serere people in Senegal were studied for two years, in 1981 and 1982. Two visits took place each year, one in the dry season, one in the rainy season. On each visit, height and weight were measured for all children. For children aged over two years, measures of biacromial and bi-iliocristal diameter, and biceps, triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses were also taken. Significant variation was found for all measures according to season. There were no significant differences between boys and girls. There were increases in the measures of biacromial and bi-iliocristal diameter with age. Decreases with age in sub-cutaneous fat levels were compensated by a slight increase in muscle mass. Both height and weight velocities show seasonal variation, but the changes are not synchronised. Weight velocity was very low during the 1981 rainy season, whilst height velocity at the same period was comparable with that of English children. During the 1982 dry season, weight velocity was similar to that for European children, whilst height velocity for Serere children less than 3 years old was substantially reduced. Mean levels for each age group, together with the difference between observed and expected values of Quetelet's index show the effect of the 1981 rainy season on all children. These data also reveal the existence of a critical period between 6 and 24 months of age when Serere infants are particularly vulnerable.

Anthropometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Breast feeding and post-partum amenorrhea in Serere women in Senegal.

The duration of post-partum amenorrhea and of breast-feeding was studied in a population of Serere people in Senegal, using an actuarial method. The use of the Cox method enabled us to show a positive correlation between these two factors and a negative correlation between the duration of amenorrhea, the survival of the breast-fed child, and the weaned status of the child. The characteristics of the diet of these sedentary women were similar to those found for amenorrheic American marathon runners. Given the results of other studies of African populations, these observations are discussed in the light of recent models of gonadotrophic involvement in the possible regulatory mechanisms in women who breast-feed for long periods whilst having an energy balance which is close to zero or even negative.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ovarian impairments of female recreational distance runners during a season of training.

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between the level of training and the impairment of ovarian function among female recreational distance runners, and its reversibility. Thirty-six female distance runners self-recorded, for 7 consecutive days each month, the duration and distance of daily running from October 1989 to May 1990 in Great Britain. During the last 3 months of the survey, saliva samples were taken for progesterone assay and a subsample was measured for body composition. No trend in weight loss was observed over the season of training. Amenorrheic (AM) and oligomenorrheic (Oligo) runners had a significantly lower body mass index than eumenorrheic (EU) and irregularly menstruating (IM) runners. The amenorrheic and oligomenorrheic subjects did not show any rise in progesterone, at any time, during the 3 months of sampling. The eumenorrheic subjects showed evidence of a rise in progesterone, though the mean level was always significantly lower than that of sedentary controls. The most severely impaired runners (AM and Oligo) ran more than EU or irregularly menstruating runners in this sample, had lower body weight, a younger age and had a significantly lower body mass index (BMI). They tended to run faster during training sessions than those with apparently normal menstrual cycle or just irregular periods. It is suggested that low BMI, which is an indicator of body energy stores, reflects the intensity of regular training runs among female athletes with a stable body weight. It is possible that repeated elevations of beta-endorphins or other suppressors of gonadotropin release, secreted above a level of training commonly exceeded by long distance runners, when concurrent with energy restriction, could contribute to impairment of menstrual cycle.

Adult↗