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Biomedical subjects

L Rothman

Publications and source records attributed to L Rothman.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Evaluation of Safe Kids Week 2004: age 4 to 9? It's booster seat time!

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a national one week media campaign promoting booster seat use. DESIGN: Pre-test, post-test design based on nationally representative random digit dialing telephone survey, with control for exposure to campaign. SETTING: Canada. SUBJECTS: Parents of children aged 4-9 years. INTERVENTIONS: During a one week campaign in May 2004, information on booster seat use was distributed via a national media campaign, retail stores, medical clinics, and community events. Information included pamphlets with guidelines for booster seat use, as well as a growth chart (designed by Safe Kids Canada) to assist parents in determining if their child should be using a booster seat. Assessing seat belt fit was described in detail on the growth chart. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported behaviors regarding booster seat use. RESULTS: Respondents in the group exposed to the campaign were twice as likely to report using a booster seat with lap and shoulder belt for their child (47%), compared to those in the pre-test (24%) and the unexposed (23%) groups (p<0.001). However, only small differences in general knowledge regarding booster seat use were found between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: A one week national media campaign substantially increased self-reported use of booster seats. Parents did not remember details of the campaign content, but did remember implications for their own child.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1995

Tongue paralysis following head trauma.

Paralysis of the tongue due to isolated bilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy is a rare occurrence. Due to a trauma the cause in our case may have been a traction injury to both hypoglossal nerves at the base of skull. In some cases a contributing factor may be malformation of the skull base. Most cases have a good prognosis for recovery.

Craniocerebral Trauma↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of [1-11C]-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid for tumor detection and amino acid transport measurement: spontaneous canine tumor studies.

Alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), or alpha-methyl alanine, is a nonmetabolized amino acid transported into cells, particularly malignant cells, predominantly by the 'A' amino acid transport system. Since it is not metabolized, [1-11C]-AIB can be used to quantify A-type amino acid transport into cells using a relatively simple compartmental model and quantitative imaging procedures (e.g. positron tomography). The tissue distribution of [1-11C]-AIB was determined in six dogs bearing spontaneous tumors, including lymphosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, mammary carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Quantitative imaging with tissue radioassay confirmation at necropsy showed poor to excellent tumor localization. However, in all cases the concentrations achieved appear adequate for amino acid transport measurement at known tumor locations. The observed low normal brain (due to blood-brain barrier exclusion) and high (relative to brain) tumor concentrations of [1-11C]-AIB suggest that this agent may prove effective for the early detection of human brain tumors.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Relative singularity/mixedness judgements for selected taste stimuli.

Quinine hydrochloride, fructose, citric acid, NaCl, monosodium glutamate, KCl, and mixtures of two, three and four solutes were rated and ranked along a continuum from "single" to "mixed" tasting. Quinine was judged most singular, with fructose and citric acid forming a second most singular group. Other stimuli were intermediate while the mixtures were judged most mixed, the mixedness increasing with mixture complexity. When NaCl and fructose were judged with their binary mixtures in the same manner, the degree of mixedness of the mixtures varied with the proportions of the components.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Carcinoma of choroid plexus in a premature infant.

A histologically proven case of choroid plexus carcinoma in a 5-week-old infant is presented. Computed tomography showed invasion through the ventricular wall, suggesting its malignant nature.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1977

Normal ocular circulation and the effect of arterial occlusive disorders.

Arterial occlusive disease, either primary or secondary, may not only affect the appearance of the ophthalmic artery, posterior ciliary arteries, and choroid crescent, but may be reflected in the prolongation of the circulation time to the choroid crescent. Choroid circulation time determined in 80 normal carotid angiograms showed that a value greater than 4.5 sec. for a population under 30 years of age, and greater than 5.6 sec. for a population 30 years of age and older, is prolonged. One should view these studies with suspicion and search for intra-orbital, intracranial, or extracranial arterial occlusive disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The postoperative myelogram. Radiographic evaluation of arachnoiditis and dural/arachnoidal tears.

Either arachnoriditis or dural/arachnoidal tears may cause symptoms in the postoperative spinal patient. Surgery and myelography as causes of arachnoiditis are discussed. Intradural arachnoid cyst formation and intramedullary cavitation may present as unusual sequelae of arachnoiditis. Extra-dural cysts and cerebrospinal fluid fistulas resulting from dural/arachnoidal tears are unusual postoperative complications presenting striking myelographic features. Their mechanisms of formation, clinical significance, and radiographic features are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Non-filling of the subependymal veins of the lateral ventricles.

Four cases of non-filling of the subependymal veins of the lateral ventricles and internal cerebral vein at carotid angiography are reported. The patients were all children ranging in age from 4 months to 2 years and had a variety of neurologic conditions. Several hypotheses are suggested as to the possible pathogenesis of these findings.

Angiomatosis↗
PubMed1976

The spectrum of growing skull fracture in children.

The genesis and complications of the growing skull fracture in children is discussed. Four patients are presented to illustrate the common and uncommon features of growing skull fractures. The need for complete radiological evaluation as well as the timing of follow-up examinations is stressed.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The nature of increased hospital use in poor neighbourhoods: findings from a Canadian inner city.

The relationship between socioeconomic factors and hospital use is not well understood in the Canadian context. We used the 1991 Canada census and 1990-92 Ontario hospital discharge abstracts for residents of southeast Toronto to calculate crude and age-sex adjusted rates of hospital admission, bed days, and costs by quintile of low-income households. Population-based rates of admission to hospital, bed days and costs were all significantly related to census tract income (p < 0.01 for males and females). The number of admissions per person admitted was significantly associated with census tract income (p < 0.01 for males and females), but length of stay and resource intensity weight were not. Hospital costs were 50.0% higher for the poorest quintile of neighbourhoods than for the wealthiest and 35.8% higher than for the middle-income quintile. Poor urban neighbourhoods may require more resources than previously anticipated, related to higher hospital admission and readmission rates.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stage managing change: supporting new patient care models.

The scope and accelerated pace of change is providing high drama in health care organizations today. The Central DuPage Hospital experience of transitioning to patient-focused care was driven by aggressive targets and tight timelines. Providing practical, adaptable change management strategies to key players ensured a well-staged transition to the new models of patient care.

Hospital Restructuring↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Charge nurses: critical change agents for successful restructuring.

Charge nurses know a unit's needs, difficulties, strong points, and successes. Therefore, charge nurses are often the key people that make restructuring work at the unit level. This article describes how to empower charge nurses so they can be the drivers for today's changes.

Hospital Restructuring↗