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Biomedical subjects

L S Cermak

Publications and source records attributed to L S Cermak.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Improving retention in alcoholic Korsakoff patients.

Use of visual images facilitated the storage and retrieval of verbal information, use of verbal cues facilitated the retention of nonverbal materials, and semantic analysis enhanced recognition of verbal material by alcoholic Korsakoff patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Verbal and nonverbal memory abilities of adult brain-damaged patients.

Retention abilities of three groups of patients were investigated in this study; ten left hemisphere brain-damaged patients (aphasics), ten right hemisphere-damaged patients, and ten patients with no known neurological deficits who served as controls. The patients were asked to detect repetitions of a word within a list of words presented either auditorily or visually. They were also tested for their ability to detect repeated pictures and repeated shapes. It was discovered that the aphasics had greater difficulty than the other two groups in retaining stimuli on the verbal subtests presented auditorily or visually. On the other hand, the right-hemisphere-damaged patients performed poorly on the visual subtests (verbal and nonverbal), but performed well on the auditorily presented verbal test. Application of these findings is offered for the clinical treatment of both right and left brain-injured patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Aphasic and amnesic patients' verbal vs. nonverbal retentive abilities.

Four different groups of patients (aphasics, alcoholic Korsakoffs, chronic alcoholics, and control patients) were asked to detect either repeated words presented orally, repeated words presented visually, repeated pictures or repeated shapes, during the presentation of a list of similarly constructed stimuli. It was discovered that on the verbal tasks, the number of words intervening between repetitions had more effect on the aphasics than on the other groups of patients. However, for the nonverbal picture repetition and shape repetition tasks, the aphasics' performance was normal, while the alcoholic Korsakoff patients were most affected by the number of intervening items. It was concluded that the aphasics' memory deficit demonstrated by the use of this paradigm was specific to the presentation of verbal material.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Depth of processing and retention of words by alcoholic Korsakoff patients.

The relationship between the depth to which a word is initially processed and its eventual probability of being recognized was investigated with amnesic (alcoholic Korsakoff) patients. Several variations of Craik and Tulving's paradigm designed to asses this relationship were used. basically, this procedure insures analysis of particular features of a word by the nature of the question the subject must answer about the word during its initial presentation. Decision-time measures demonstrated that Korsakoff patients could answer the query nearly as rapidly as normals, but the patients failed to demonstrate a normal increase in recognition as a function of the depth of analysis demanded by the query (Experiments 1--2). However, when the test procedure was extremely simplified (Experiment 3) by presenting only a small number of to-be-recognized words, the Korsakoff patients did demonstrate the normal "pattern" of recognition. It was concluded that under the appropriate circumstances, Korsakoff patients' recognition memory can be improved by instructions to analyze the more sophisticated (semantic) features of verbal information.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The effect of concurrent manual activity on the dichotic listening performance of boys with learning disabilities.

Three groups of learning-disabled children, defined according to their Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) profiles, and one normal control group, were given both a standard dichotic listening task and a dichotic listening task performed concurrently with a manual tapping task. Learning-disabled children who showed no disparity in their verbal and performance subscale scores on the WISC demonstrated a right ear preference under standard testing and when tapping with the left hand, but not the right, which was nearly the same pattern as that obtained by the control group. Learning-disabled children whose verbal WISC score was at least 15 point lower than their performance demonstrated a right-ear preference only when tapping with their left hand. Finally, learning-disabled children who had high verbal, low performance WISC profiles showed no ear preference under any conditions. These results were interpreted as indicating that these three types of learning-disabled children are differentially lateralized and differentially affected by the facilitory-inhibitory effects of concurrent hemispheric activities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

A comparison of the information processing deficits of patients with Huntington's chorea and Korsakoff's syndrome.

Patients with Huntington's Chorea and alcholic Korsakoff's disease were compared on six tests of short-term memory (STM) and of encoding capacity. While the alcoholic Korsakoff patients demonstrated STM disorders related to an increase sensitivity to proactive interference (PI) and to failures in semantic encoding, the Chorea patients had a different pattern of deficits. The Chorea patients, like the Korsakoffs, had STM deficits, but their memory performance did not improve with reductions in PI, and they had different types of encoding deficits than did the Korsakoff patients. These results demonstrate that information processing tasks can be used to empirically differentiate amnesic patients with normal I.Q.'s from patients with dementia-related memory impairments.

Alcohol Amnestic Disorder↗
PubMed1976

Recovery of verbal short-term memory in alcoholics.

When given a short-term memory distractor test on the day after admission to the hospital in an intoxicated state, the performance of older alcoholic patients was significantly worse than that of younger alcoholics and on a par with that of alcoholic Korsakoff patients. One month later, however, the older patients' performance was comparable to that of the other alcoholics.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The differential effects of semantic, acoustic, and nonverbal distraction on Korsakoff patients' verbal retention performance.

Korsakoff and alcoholic control patients' verbal retention performance was assessed following either acoustic, semantic, or nonverbal distractor activity. Both patient groups were similarly affected by the degree of relatedness between the distractor and the memoranda. Semantic distraction produced more verbal forgetting than acoustic, which in turn, caused more forgetting than the nonverbal tasks. The Korsakoff patients' verbal retention, however, became increasingly impaired, relative to the controls, as the level of similarity between the distraction and the memoranda increased. These results suggest that Korsakoff patients have difficulty performing verbal analyses which incorporated the distinctive physical, phonemic and semantic features of the memoranda into the development of their verbal memory traces.

Acoustics↗