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Biomedical subjects

L S Zuckier

Publications and source records attributed to L S Zuckier.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Nuclear medicine in problems of fertility and impotence.

Nuclear medicine techniques may be used to test fallopian tube patency and penile vascular inflow and outflow. Radionuclide hysterosalpingography (HSP) is a readily performed method of evaluating fallopian tube patency, and is believed to be more physiologic and functionally informative than the accepted radiologic method of contrast HSP. The test is simple to perform and interpret and offers an accurate alternative to the contrast examination. For scintigraphic evaluation of impotence, blood pool studies are most useful in assessing the integrity of arterial inflow, but may also be used to generate indices of venous leak. Washout of xenon after subcutaneous injection, in the flaccid state, has been used as a measure of baseline penile perfusion, as has intracavernosal injections in the flaccid penis. Intracavernosal xenon washout during erection seems the most useful method of testing venous integrity. Washout using technetium-99m (99mTc)-labeled red blood cells (99mTc-RBC) may emerge as a convenient alternative to the more technically difficult xenon examinations.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1990

Current state of the hybridoma technology.

The first description of the hybridoma technology in 1975 seemed to hold enormous promise for the treatment of a variety of human disease. The ability to produce monoclonal antibodies led to the availability of large amounts of homogeneous and predictable preparations of antibody. The potential to renew indefinitely a particular antibody surmounted many of the technical and regulatory problems that made polyclonal antisera difficult to use as therapeutic agents in man. The hybridoma technology seemed even more valuable as it became clear that it could lead to the generation of pure, highly specific antibodies from impure, poorly characterized antigens. Monoclonal antibodies have been extremely useful in basic investigations and have facilitated the development of new diagnostic tests for serum and tissue components and infectious agents. However, novel approaches are needed in order to provide more useful, less immunogenic antibodies which could be used routinely for passive immunization in the treatment of infections or for tumor targeting.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Testicular scanning and other applications of radionuclide imaging of the genital tract.

The major application of nuclear imaging techniques to the genital tract is pertechnetate scintigraphy for evaluation of the acute hemiscrotum. Within a few years of the first descriptions of scrotal imaging, this technique achieved recognition as a valuable, even indispensable, emergency diagnostic procedure in this context; its validity has since been well confirmed in hundreds of reported cases. Because it is an established procedure with widely recognized applications, its discussion will occupy most of this article. Other nuclear procedures, less widely used either because they are investigative or applicable to smaller patient populations, will be more briefly described.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1990

Technetium-99m antimony sulphide colloid lymphoscintigraphy of the prostate by direct transrectal injection.

Laterality of prostatic lymphatic drainage was successfully assessed in nine patients with prostatic carcinoma after direct unilateral transrectal injections of 99Tcm-antimony sulphide colloid by Franzen needle. Pelvic lymphatic drainage was equally divided between ipsilateral, contralateral and bilateral patterns. The frequent observation of radiocolloid migration to contralateral lymph node groups in patients with prostate carcinoma, including those with primary disease localized clinically to a single lobe of the prostate, indicates the potential for contralateral pelvic lymph node metastases in this population. This finding may be important in determining the appropriate surgical staging and treatment of patients with prostate carcinoma. The clinical applicability of lymphoscintigraphy in the evaluation of metastatic spread and in lymph node biopsy planning requires further study.

Administration, Rectal↗
PubMed1990

Incidental abnormalities detected during scintigraphy for gastrointestinal bleeding.

The authors describe a number of abnormalities that were incidentally found in a series of 132 scintigraphic studies performed for acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage. These incidental abnormalities involved the vascular system, reticuloendothelial system, and soft tissues. Correlative radiographs and computed tomographic scans are presented for some cases. The authors explore the potential impact of these abnormalities on subsequent patient evaluation and care, including radiologic workup.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Immunologic and pharmacologic concepts of monoclonal antibodies.

While monoclonal antibodies have solved many of the difficulties of using immunologic reagents for radioimmunodiagnosis and therapy, in the 13 years since their introduction a number of persistent problems remain, most notably a low yield of antibody-producing cells from the fusion process, difficulty in obtaining high-affinity antibodies, and the potential immunogenicity of murine immunoglobulins (Igs). Several solutions are under development, including fusion techniques that enrich for cells producing desired antibodies, production of human-mouse chimeric antibodies by recombinant DNA technology, and the generation of human monoclonal antibodies by promising new approaches. Until these upcoming methodologies are established, and to better direct their development and application, a sound understanding of the pharmacology of presently available native and modified monoclonal antibodies is crucial. Although much has been already determined in this area, a great deal of further clarification remains necessary.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Fraley's syndrome: case report and update on current diagnostic methods.

A 38-year-old woman presented with fever, right flank pain, and a clinical diagnosis of pyelonephritis. Work-up revealed the presence of a crossing arterial branch causing obstruction of the superior infundibulum of the right kidney, which is an uncommon cause of nephralgia and urinary infection initially described by Fraley in 1966. Intravenous urography, retrograde pyelography, and angiography remain the mainstay of diagnosis, much as in the initial descriptions of this entity. [131I]Hippuran imaging, with analysis of the upper and lower pole regions of interest, provides a simple yet powerful method of evaluating functional and excretory changes in the superior infundibulum, and has proved more efficacious than previously reported whole-kidney renograms. Renal scintigraphy represents a relatively noninvasive method of serial functional examination in this disorder. Ultrasound imaging, by monitoring upper-pole dilatation, may provide complementary morphologic information important for long-term follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis: a cause of pulmonary gallium-67 uptake in a child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) is currently recognized as a frequent pediatric manifestation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We report the gallium scan findings in a 3-yr-old girl with this disorder and review its clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features. LIP must be a prime consideration in the differential diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary gallium uptake in pediatric AIDS patients. Further experience will afford greater perspective on the diagnostic role that nuclear medicine will ultimately play in this disease.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Significance of skeletal uptake detected on radionuclide renal perfusion studies.

Since the introduction of Tc-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals, flow studies have become a useful and readily performed component of renal nuclear medicine examinations. In addition to detecting aberrations of renal perfusion, a number of extrarenal abnormalities may also be surreptitiously detected. Three cases of hyperperfused skeleton, an extremely unusual finding which complements two previous reports in the literature, have recently been observed. All three of the patients, as well as the two previously described, had underlying neoplastic abnormalities. The appearance of perfused skeleton should therefore be recognized as suggesting the presence of underlying neoplastic disease. Considerable interest as to the etiology and magnitude of the increased skeletal perfusion exists. Measurements of normal marrow and osseous perfusion have been reviewed in order to better appreciate the magnitude of increase required for skeletal visualization on renal flow studies. Some considerations as to the etiology of this increase are offered.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1987

The implications of decreased performance of new generation gamma-cameras on the interpretation of 131I-Hippuran renal images.

Several patients with renal failure in whom the kidneys were more clearly imaged with 99Tcm-DTPA than 131I-Hippuran were recently observed. We have postulated that our newer generation gamma-cameras have a reduced capacity to image 131I in comparison to older generation cameras. This hypothesis was tested by comparing representative older and newer imaging systems. Full-width tenth-maximum 99Tcm linespread functions were 1.20 and 1.55 cm for the older and newer cameras, respectively. The 99Tcm count rate on the newer camera was 111% that of the older camera, and the observed kidney to background count ratios in a phantom model were virtually identical for the two cameras imaging a number of simulated 99Tcm count distributions. Full-width tenth-maximum 131I linespreads were 1.55 and 4.78 cm, respectively, on the older and newer cameras and the 131I count rate on the newer camera was 27% of the count rate on the older system. The phantom model demonstrated a consistently lower 131I perceived kidney to background count ratio on the newer gamma-camera compared to the older system. These findings should be considered in the interpretation of 131I-Hippuran studies on newer-generation equipment until revised criteria of interpretation have been established. Non-visualization of the kidney may not have the same prognostic implication using modern cameras as has been reported from studies with older generation detector systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Detection of postcardiotomy bacterial pericarditis with gallium-67 citrate.

A 46-year-old man who had undergone apical cardiac aneurysmectomy with a ventriculotomy graft and implanted automatic cardioverter-defibrillator electrodes, presented with fever, left-sided pleuritic chest pain, and a draining sinus. A Ga-67 scan was performed to aid in determining whether the infection was limited to the chest wall or if it had penetrated deeper to the cardiac structures. Uptake of gallium within the cardiac region, in association with minimal rib uptake of Tc-99m MDP, strongly supported the existence of infection within the pericardium. CT scan demonstrated a pericardial collection which under CT-guided aspiration proved to be purulent. Definitive surgical drainage was performed, and the patient was discharged 4 weeks postoperatively. Ga-67 imaging can provide an accurate and relatively rapid means of localizing infection in the postcardiotomy patient. A thorough bibliography of pericardial gallium uptake is provided.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗