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L Seress

Publications and source records attributed to L Seress.

69 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The development, ultrastructure and synaptic connections of the mossy cells of the dentate gyrus.

One of the most distinctive and common cell types in Golgi preparations of the hilus of the rat dentate gyrus is the mossy cell. We have used a variety of techniques including the Golgi method, the combined Golgi and electron microscopic (EM) method and the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to study the development, ultrastructure and synaptic connections of this cell type. The mossy cells identified in our light microscopic preparations are characterized by: triangular or multipolar shaped somata; three to four primary dendrites that arise from the soma and bifurcate once or more to produce an extensive dendritic arborization restricted, for the most part, to the hilus; numerous thorny excrescences on their somata and proximal dendrites with typical spines on distal dendrites; and axons that bifurcate and are directed toward the fimbria and the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. The mossy cells have an immature appearance at birth and on subsequent days their maturation appears to lag somewhat behind that of the hippocampal pyramidal cells. On postnatal day 1, many of the dendrites bear growth cones primarily at their termini and have long, thin filipodia emanating from various points along their lengths. Many of the dendrites enter the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, though this is rarely seen in the mature brain. Typical pedunculate spines are first commonly seen on the distal dendrites around postnatal day 7 while thorny excrescences are first commonly seen between postnatal days 11 and 14. By postnatal day 21, the dendrites have attained a mature appearance although the density of both typical spines and thorny excrescences is less than that found in adults. Two different retrograde transport methods were used to confirm that mossy cells give rise to the commissural projection to the contralateral dentate gyrus. The first method combined HRP histochemistry with a silver intensification procedure and the second method combined HRP histochemistry with Golgi staining. While the majority of commissurally projecting hilar neurons had the appearance of mossy cells, there were others that were smaller and either ovoid or fusiform. In EM preparations, the somata of mature mossy cells display round nuclei that lack infoldings and intranuclear rods. The perikaryal cytoplasm contains the organelles typically found in pyramidal cells of the hippocampus. Somal spines with complex shapes and branching patterns are commonly observed. The thorny excrescences on the proximal dendrites correspond to spines with long thin stalks and complex end bulbs that may appear mushroom shaped.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Postnatal neurogenesis in the rat hypothalamus.

Neurogenesis of the rat hypothalamus was studied with the [3H]thymidine autoradiography method during the first postnatal month. In the parvicellular hypothalamic nuclei a low rate (1%) of neurogenesis could be observed during the first postnatal week, but not later. There was no sign of neuron formation in the magnocellular cell groups. A number of glial cells were labeled throughout the first month in all hypothalamic nuclei at a decreasing rate. Therefore, birth is not a sharp dividing line in the neurogenesis of the hypothalamus in the rat.

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PubMed1984

Regional effect of monosodium-L-glutamate on the superficial layers of superior colliculus in rat.

Systemic administration of monosodium-l-glutamate by single injections of 4 mg/g body weight in infant rats (2-10 days of age) results in acute swelling of cytoplasm and nuclear pyknosis of neurons in the stratum zonale and stratum griseum superficiale of the superior colliculus. Multiple daily doses of 4 mg/g body weight monosodium-l-glutamate result in an almost complete loss of neurons in these two superficial layers. The deeper layers appear not to be affected. No pathological effects were observed in the lateral geniculate body or pretectal complex. Light- and electron-microscopic studies reveal that the optic nerves are remarkably shrunken and many myelinated as well as unmyelinated axons are lost. Injection of 3H-proline into the vitreous body of one eye results in limited transport to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, lateral geniculate body and to lateral portions of the superior colliculus. The small percentage of intact axons in the optic nerve, as well as the limited proline transport from the eye, suggest that administration of monosodium-l-glutamate leaves intact some optic fibers, a portion of which belongs to the retinohypothalamic tract.

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PubMed1984

Direct commissural connections to the basket cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus: anatomical evidence for feed-forward inhibition.

After lesions were placed in the hippocampal commissures, degenerating terminals could be localized above, inside and beneath the granule cell layer of the contralateral dentate gyrus. The terminals formed asymmetric synapses with spines, dendritic shafts and somata of granule cells. Degenerating terminals also formed synapses with dendrites and somata of basket cells identified by the Golgi-electron microscope technique. These basket cells were located either at the hilar border of the granule cell layer or in the molecular layer and each formed an axonal plexus around the somata and proximal dendrites of granule cells. These observations provide an anatomical basis for the recently described feed-forward inhibition in this brain region.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

GABAergic cells in the dentate gyrus appear to be local circuit and projection neurons.

Immunocytochemical results indicate that GAD-positive neurons are found in the molecular and granule cell layers of the dentate gyrus as well as in the hilar region. GAD-positive cells in the molecular and granule cell layers are identified as various types of local circuit neurons. Most of the GAD-positive puncta found throughout the molecular layer and within the granule cell layer are interpreted as axon terminals of these neurons, including five types of basket cells. This interpretation is based on data that indicate the axons of basket cells form synapses with the somata and proximal dendrites of granule cells. The results in the hilus show that 60% of the hilar neurons are GAD-positive. Since previous studies have indicated that 80% of hilar neurons give rise to both associational and commissural pathways, many GABAergic neurons in the hilus are probably projection neurons. This finding is consistent with recent physiological data which suggest that commissural pathway stimulation directly inhibits granule cells. Therefore, GABAergic cells in the dentate gyrus appear to be both projection and local circuit neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Five types of basket cell in the hippocampal dentate gyrus: a combined Golgi and electron microscopic study.

Five types of basket cell in the hippocampal denate gyrus of rats were analysed with a combined Golgi and electron microscopic method. Light microscopic observations show that the large somata of these different cell types are located either in the granule cell layer or within 30-50 micron of this layer. The somata of basket cells are pyramidal, horizontal, fusiform or multipolar. Dendrites of basket cells are aspinous or sparsely spinous and are found in all layers of the dentate gyrus. Their axons form an extensive plexus in the granule cell and lower molecular layers. Electron microscopic preparations of Golgi-impregnated, gold-toned basket cells revealed gold-labelled neurons with distinct ultrastructural features. All somata of basket cells displayed an extensive perikaryal cytoplasm with large Nissl bodies and nuclei with infoldings, euchromatin, intranuclear rods and sheets, and large nucleoli. The aspinous dendrites as well as the somata had a mixture of asymmetric and symmetric synapses on their surfaces. Basket cell dendrites located in the hilus were contacted by numerous terminals with characteristics of mossy fibres derived from granule cells. Some of these terminals were identified positively in preparations that also contained impregnated granule cells. The axons of basket cells formed exclusively symmetric synapses. The most common postsynaptic structures to these terminals were the somata and dendrites of granule cells. Dendritic spines were rarely contacted by basket cell axons while the axon hillocks and initial segments of granule cells were never contacted. These findings are consistent with previous immunocytochemical, and physiological data that indicate feedback inhibitory mechanisms in the dentate gyrus are mediated via mossy fibre collaterals which synapse with GABAergic basket cells. In addition, the electron microscopic data for basket cells are similar to those for aspinous stellate cells in the neocortex, another type of cortical, GABAergic local circuit neuron. Thus, the basket cells in the dentate gyrus may have a function similar to other inhibitory, cortical local circuit neurons.

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PubMed1983

Ultrastructure of commissural neurons of the hilar region in the hippocampal dentate gyrus.

Previous studies have described the polymorph neurons in the hilus of the dentate gyrus at the light microscopic level and have indicated that many of those neurons are the cells of origin for both ipsilateral associational and commissural projections to the dentate gyrus. Because previous studies have not described the ultrastructural characteristics of the hilar neurons, we identified these features of the commissural neurons in the hilus. The method of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was utilized with a silver staining technique for HRP intensification. Two populations of labeled commissural neurons were observed in electron microscopic preparations of the contralateral hilus. One type consisted of cells with somata that exhibited round or oval nuclei with no intranuclear inclusions and formed symmetric axosomatic synapses. The main dendrites of those neurons were thick and tapering. In contrast, the other type of labeled neuronal soma had infolded nuclei containing intranuclear rods or sheets, displayed both symmetric and asymmetric axosomatic synapses, and had dendrites that were less thick and generally aspinous. In those same preparations, labeled commissural axon terminals formed synapses with dendrites and dendritic spines in the hilus and molecular layer and with somata in the granule cell layer. From the results of this study it appears that there are two distinct populations of commissural hilar neurons: one type resembles the morphology of the spiny CA3 pyramidal neuron, a type of excitatory projection cell, and the other type is similar to the dentate gyrus basket cell, a local circuit neuron associated with GABAergic inhibition. This latter cell type provides further support for the notion that some commissural neurons are inhibitory.

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PubMed1981

Structure of the granular layer of the rat dentate gyrus. A light microscopic and Golgi study.

The rat dentate gyrus was examined with the Golgi method. Cell counts were performed in Nissl-stained serial sections. The number of granule cells was 635,000 +/- 33,000. The number of basket cells in the granular layer was 3600 +/- 570. In whole dentate gyrus, the average ratio between granule and basket cells was 160-220:1. The ratio was higher in the caudal part of the dorsal and ventral blades and significantly less basket cells were found in the ventral than in the dorsal blade of dentate gyrus. 60% of all the basket cells were found at the margin between the granular layer and hilus, 35% were found in the lower half of molecular layer and 5% within the granular layer. Five types of basket cells were differentiated in Golgi sections on the basis of their location and cell morphology. The granule cells in their early development stages sent dendrites in every direction even in the hilus, but the developed granule cells never had basal dendrites. Spines were seen on the 5 days old granule cell dendrites, but the spine density was found to grow until adulthood. As a rule several axon collaterals could be seen on the granule cell axons. The whole length of granule cell dendrites totaled 2400 micron +/- 331, those of the basket cell dendrites totaled 1100 micron +/- 144. The possible role of basket cells in the regulation of the dentate gyrus granular layer was considered.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

Pyramid-like basket cells in the granular layer of the dentate gyrus in the rat.

Basket cells of the dentate gyrus were identified using Nissl (cresyl violet) staining. It has been found that the ratio between basket and granule cells is 1:150--210. Only a few glial cells, mainly astroglia, were found in the granular layer of the dentate gyrus. In accordance with earlier data it was found that the granule cells and glial cells originate mainly postnatally, but the basket cells, like the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus, originate prenatally.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The effect of thyroid hormone on the formation of rat cerebellar Bergmann-glia.

H3-thymidine incorporating cells were demonstrated by autoradiography in the developing cortex. Before the 7-8th days labelled cells were distributed throughout the full width of the internal granular layer. Between days 8 to 14 they were found exclusively in the ganglionic layer and were identified as Bergmann-glia. Thyroid hormone treatment brought about an earlier shift of the label to the ganglionic layer indicating an acceleration of Bergmann-glia formation. Since the acceleration coincided with the known accelerating effect of thyroid hormone on granule cell migration, a causal relationship is assumed between Bergmann-glia formation and granula cell migration.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Divergent responses to thyroid hormone treatment of the different secondary germinal layers in the postnatal rat brain.

The effect of daily triiodothyronine (T3) treatment (first injection on the day of birth) was studied on the postnatal development of various parts of the rat brain. It was found that the T3 treatment resulted in an increase of the cell multiplication in the external grannular layer of the cerebellum but decreased the cell division or had no significant effect in the periventricular germinal layer and in the polymorph layer of the dentate gyrus. From the 10th day the T3 treatment resulted in a decrease of the cell division in all secondary germinal layers examined. As a reason for this different effect is can be suggested that the triidothyronine acts differently upon the various neuronal and glial precursors or upon the germinal layers producing them.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The postnatal development of rat dentate gyrus and the effect of early thyroid hormone treatment.

The postnatal development of the dentate gyrus and the effect of 5 microgram/day triiodothyronine treatment was examined by means of tritiated thymidine autoradiography. The polymorph layer of the dentate gyrus is a secondary germinal layer and forms cells for the granular layer. The cell formation in the dentate gyrus was found to be nearly completed on the 21st day, but development ended only in adulthood. Thyroid-hormone treatment did not affect significantly the postnatal cell formation of the dentate gyrus, but resulted in the appearance of a great number of pycnotic cells in the granular layer.

Aging↗