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Biomedical subjects

L Shankar

Publications and source records attributed to L Shankar.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Radiological Features after Vertical Banded Gastroplasty.

More than 1300 vertical banded gastroplasty operations have been performed at our hospital since November 1982. We describe the radiologic findings based on 159 of these patients, who were referred for radiologic contrast studies. Patients were referred because of abdominal pain, excess vomiting, excess weight loss, inadequate weight loss or regain of weight. The pre-contrast plain film was an important indicator of staple-line abnormalities. The radiographic findings could be divided into: abnormalities of the partition, abnormalities of the banded outlet, and ulcers and extragastric leaks.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

The secondary middle turbinate.

During functional endoscopic sinus surgery, the ethmoidal infundibulum and bulla are accessed through the middle meatus. This paper describes a secondary middle turbinate which arises from the lateral wall of the middle meatus, posterosuperior to the infundibulum and points superiorly within the meatus. A secondary middle turbinate was identified bilaterally in 6 out of 400 coronal CT scans of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The secondary middle turbinate did not obstruct the osteomeatal complex in any of our patients.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1991

Pitfalls in computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses.

The advent of functional endoscopic sinus surgery has created the need for high-quality radiographic images to assess the paranasal sinuses, document the detailed anatomy of the lateral nasal wall and provide an anatomical map allowing safe functional endoscopic sinus surgery. This paper will discuss our experience of 410 paranasal sinus coronal CT scans performed by the technique described by Zinreich prior to consideration of functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The main indications for the scans were acute recurrent sinusitis, abnormal diagnostic nasal endoscopic examination and persistent facial pain. We will consider both the radiological and surgical difficulties that have arisen from the use of this technique and highlight some of the methods to avoid these difficulties. Claustrophobia and limitation of neck movements, particularly in patients over the age of 60, were the most common factors leading to suboptimal scans. Ensuring that the patient was in a symptom-free interval, the differential diagnosis of the opacified paranasal sinus and patients with gross polypoid disease created the most difficulty in interpretation. The anatomical assessment of the frontal recess and the identification of the optic nerve posterolateral to the posterior ethmoidal cell have created the greatest anatomical difficulty.

Artifacts↗
PubMed1991

Ethmomaxillary sinus and hypoplasia of maxillary sinus.

In a series of 410 coronal CT scans performed to assess paranasal sinus disease, we have identified eight cases in which an ethmomaxillary sinus was present. The ethmomaxillary sinus was unilateral in five cases and bilaterally present in three. The sex incidence was equal. Four patients had generalized mucosal disease of their paranasal sinuses which included the ethmomaxillary sinus whereas four patients had osteomeatal complex disease and sparing of their ethmomaxillary sinus. The characteristic radiological features of an ethmomaxillary sinus were drainage into an enlarged superior meatus, reduction in the size of the maxillary sinus and a normal bony orbital cavity. The differential diagnosis of an apparently hypoplastic maxillary sinus is briefly discussed.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1991

Computed tomographic findings in atrophic rhinitis.

Computed tomography (CT) has been used increasingly in the assessment of patients with symptoms of sinonasal disease since the introduction of functional endoscopic surgery for the treatment of chronic sinusitis. The association of sinusitis and atrophic rhinitis will inevitably lead to more frequent imaging of patients with atrophic rhinitis. Correct interpretation of the CT appearances of atrophic rhinitis is important as misinterpretation may have serious implications during sinus surgery. These appearances have not been described previously. We describe and discuss the CT findings in three patients with clinical evidence of atrophic rhinitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Computed tomographic analysis of the intratemporal facial nerve and facial nerve neuromas.

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has replaced multidirectional tomography in the detailed analysis of the temporal bone because of its excellent resolution of fine bony detail. Small soft-tissue masses not discernible on plain tomograms are easily seen using HRCT. Unsuspected early disease which has not caused recognizable bone erosion in also demonstrable by HRCT. Last but not least, the amount of radiation received by a patient as a result of HRCT is considerably less. We illustrate the normal course of the facial nerve through the temporal bone, its anatomical relationship to various adjacent structures, and the numerous branches given off during its course through the temporal bone. The clinical features of facial nerve neuromas (schwannomas) depend on their location and include facial nerve weakness or paralysis, otalgia or facial pain, hearing loss or imbalance, and loss of taste sensation. HRCT allows the identification of a soft-tissue mass along the course of the facial nerve, with its bony canal usually enlarged by the mass. Pressure erosion of the underlying bone is often noted and erosion of the ossicles may be demonstrated in the case of middle ear involvement. The importance of both clinical and radiological correlation cannot be overemphasized in the discovery of these tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Spontaneous temporomandibular joint fistula into the external auditory canal.

The clinical and radiological findings in a patient who developed a spontaneous fistula between the right temporo-mandibular joint and the external auditory canal are presented. A high resolution CT scan revealed that the fistula had developed through a congenital dehiscence in the anterior wall of the tympanic bone.

Ear Canal↗